邹晓东 王 凯

(1.浙江大学 科教发展战略研究中心， 浙江 杭州 310058； 2.宁波大学 教育经济与管理研究所， 浙江 宁波 315211)

区域创新生态系统情境下的产学知识协同创新：现实问题、理论背景与研究议题

邹晓东1王 凯2

(1.浙江大学 科教发展战略研究中心， 浙江 杭州 310058； 2.宁波大学 教育经济与管理研究所， 浙江 宁波 315211)

在创新范式转型和经济发展新常态的背景下，中国还面临着科技创新中的“孤岛现象”和“知识悖论”等问题。随着中央政府权力的不断下放和经济改革的持续深入，从区域层面研究如何通过产学知识协同创新促进创新生态系统建设已成为可能与必需。然而，产学合作或大学科技成果转化的理论与实践通常都忽视了“知识双向动态流动”的协同创新模式。此外，有关知识网络的研究认识到嵌入性关系对组织间合作创新绩效有显著的正向影响，但忽视了嵌入性关系发展的决定因素——组织的知识网络能力和知识网络所处的制度环境。因此，为促进产学创新能力协同提升、实现创新驱动发展，急需研究大学知识网络能力、区域制度环境、知识网络嵌入性关系对知识协同创新绩效的影响机制。

网络能力； 制度环境； 嵌入性关系； 产学合作； 知识协同创新； 区域创新生态系统

However， most of the extant research on university-industry collaboration or on the university technology transfer has focused on the ″one-way flow of knowledge，″ such as licensing and contract research， overlooking the synergy innovation model of ″two-way dynamic flow of knowledge，″ such as joint research and consulting. Other researches are fragmented for lack of coherent frameworks and conceptualizations which fully depict the dynamic and evolving nature of knowledge synergy innovation. While comprehensive research on knowledge network has confirmed with plenty of solid evidence that embedded ties have significant positive effects on inter-organizational collaboration innovation performance， they tend to focus on the ″consequences″ of knowledge network and neglect its ″determinants，″ such as the knowledge networking capabilities of organizations and the institutional environments for network development．

On the basis of China’s actual conditions and the existing body of research， we adhere to the economic and social development concept of ″Innovation， Coordination， Green， Opening up and Sharing″ to raise the essential question of this study: Is it possible to fill the gap between the knowledge innovation level of university and regional innovation-driven development by activating the university potential in the evolution of regional innovation ecosystems？ To answer the research question， we proposed a theoretical framework based on the regional innovation ecosystems theory， the knowledge innovation theory， the knowledge network theory， the embedded ties theory and new institutionalism. This framework takes the embedded ties of knowledge network as the breakthrough point as the ties are key links which impact the performance of university-industry knowledge synergy innovation. In light of the theoretical logic of ″the regional institutional environments and the university knowledge networking capabilities， the embedded ties of the knowledge network， knowledge synergy innovation performance″ constructed for the co-evolution of university and its region， future research questions are suggested as follows: (1) How can knowledge synergy innovation performance be impacted by knowledge network embedded ties？ For example， future research needs to examine the concrete mechanisms of how mutual trust， mutual commitment， information sharing and joint problem-solving (which constitute the knowledge network embedded ties) impact knowledge synergy innovation performance; (2) How can knowledge network embedded ties be impacted by the knowledge networking capabilities of a university， e. g. For example， future research may focus on the constituents of the knowledge networking capabilities of a university and the relational mechanisms of these elements and knowledge network embedded ties in accordance with the university organizational properties; And (3) how can knowledge network embedded ties be impacted by the regional institutional environments. For example， future research may explore the constituent elements of the regional institutional environments in China and the role that these elements play in the development process of knowledge network embedded ties. The results of theoretical analysis and empirical study will not only promote the functional view of a university， the mechanisms of knowledge valorization， the social network theory and the embedded ties theory， but also have significant policy implications for knowledge synergy innovation and the evolution of regional innovation ecosystems and further support the national innovation systems in China．Key words： networking capabilities; institutional environments; embedded ties; university-industry collaboration； knowledge synergy innovation; regional innovation ecosystems

一、 引 言

当今世界受“连续技术变革波”[1]的影响，经济发展方式已逐渐由传统的大规模生产和线性转移演化为后工业化、知识驱动以及更加开放和交互的创新体系[2-3]。个人、组织和国家的经济绩效越来越依赖于知识生产水平，知识已经成为经济增长、社会发展与工作创造的驱动力和世界市场竞争力的主要来源，现代社会的财富正是基于新知识的创造和扩散而产生[4]。……