马金花

Abstract： Vocabulary is one of the three important events that consists of language.Vocabulary teaching is an important segment in English teaching.The objective to learn vocabulary is to master the pronunciation，spelling，parts of speech、meaning of these vocabularies and how to use these vocabulary. As foreign language  vocabulary is also difficult in English teaching.The students ability of learning，saying，reading， writing and communication depend on whether they master a large number of vocabularies.The English teacher should search for the reasonable method to arouse initiative of students and stimulate interest of learning English.

Keyuords： scientific   methods   vocabulary

DOI：

10.16657/j.cnki.issn1673-9132.2016.09.015

ⅠSummary of the Preliminary Research

1.Problem

The problem I have in my teaching is that most of my students can not recite the words quickly but forget them very fast.

2.Problem analysis

Why do we have to study English？ Because English is the most widely used language in the world .We know when we want to communicate with others we must say something to press our own mind and we must be able to understand what others say. If we dont learn a large number of vocabulary how can we communicate with others. Linguist Wilkins said “in linguistics and language teaching we cant accept that grammar  is much more important than vocabulary. In fact no grammar we can hardly say what to say ， however， if we havent got vocabulary we can say nothing” So is it in English study .Students listening、 saying 、reading and writing four skills is closely contact with vocabulary.

①Analytic method

Though careful analysis， I was led to a serious of questions： For instance， I found a majority of my students recite the words very slowly and forget them quickly and I wanted to know why it should be the case and whether they use scientific method or not？

②Cause analysis

In this situation， I asked myself a serious of questions and try to provide some answer to them.

Question                                       answer

Is it because they don't have enough time to recite them？   Yes

Is it because they could 't read the words correctly？     Maybe

Is it because the words are too many？                Maybe

Is it because their method aren't scientific？            Maybe

Is it because they don't review the words at times？      Yes

Is it because they don't often use the words？           Yes

③ Brainstorming activation

when I was engaged in the problem analysis ，I consulted my colleges and talk to my classmates about all the problems I met. They gave me a lot of advice to help so that I pondered the problem more deeply and carefully. After a lengthy problem analysis ，I determined  to launch a project to overcome this problem.

3. Project objective

My research objectives is to improve the speed of reciting words and not to forget in a short  time .

4.Project hypothesis

It is hypothesized that learners can recite the words very quickly and can not forget them in a short time if they use scientific methods.

5. Possible solutions

With these reasons in mind ，I have correspondingly provide some possible solutions which are as follows： the first ， help the students to learn 48 phonemes in English; the second，learn and use good method to recite the words ;the  third， know something about words categorisation and usage.

ⅡFull-scale implementation of the solutions

1.Learn the 48 phonemes

In order to guarantee that most of the students could read the words correctly， I decide to teach them phonemes. Though the investigation， I found some of the students didnt know some words pronunciation. I think if they learn the phonemes they can read the words by themselves， at the same time their baulk in reading is reduced.

2. Introduce some effective method

We know scientific methods can improve our working efficiency. If we use effective and pragmatical method and wake the interest of the students， we will save much time .Professor Zhang Sizhong in the middle school of HuaDong Teachers College said “learn the words in concentrating， review the words again and again ，read the foreign works， teach different materials in different ways ”this sixteen words show us a new thinking in English teaching.

① Using words fields

a. Arranging words on a line or degrees of the same quality

Always， usually， often， frequently， sometimes ， occasionally， rarely， seldom ， never

almost   always

always                             frequently

usually

occasionally

often

quite often                       never

sometimes

rarely

seldom

b.Word categories

Here is  an example of a diagram that puts different professions into categories.

manual                                      professional

farmer                                          doctor

builder                                          lawyer

mechanic                                      teacher

professions

service                                         architect

waiter                                           nurse

air steward                                   plumber

②Old words can educe new words

a.From same elements educe new words

English words conversion mainly performance in vowel or vowel monograms. If we master the pronunciation rule of the vowel monograms well learn such the words pronunciation and spelling easily. For example， a /ei/ name， same， game ，cake take ; ay/ei/day， may， way ，play ，lay; all/?： ?/ ball ，wall tall ，call， small .

/i：/ cheap， teacher ，please， meat，

weak

/e/ heavy， sweater ，pleasure， bread，

dead

/ei/great， break

/i?/idea， real， really

b.Using word building knowledge

We know a verb can be changed into a  noun by adding “er ”and “or ”.For example ，run-runner， play –player， love –lover， act-actor， invent-inventor; and a noun can be changed into a adjective by adding “y” or “ful”， such as： sun-sunny， rain-rainy， noise-noisy， care-careful， help-helpful; and a adjective can be changed into a adverb by adding “ly”. For example slow-slowly， quick-quickly， happy-happily and so on.

③Elicit new words by suggestion

a.The same pronunciation words   For example，when we learn the word “whether” we may think of “weather” and won-one，father –farther，hear -here ，hole-whole ect.

b.The same meaning words

Get to ，reach，arrive in（at） are the same meaning words，look after—take care of ，enjoy oneself—have a good time， be good at—do well in .

c.The opposite words

above—below，under—over，poor—rich，son —daughter，best—worst.But we learn words by this method，we pay more attention to the categorisation of the words，Noun—Noun，Verb—Verb，Adj—Adj，the Comeparative Degree—the Comeparative Degree of Adjectives and Adverbs.

④Learning new words from a context

Of course it is easier to remember words if they are related to a memorable contest，such as a story .If you can remember the story and can picture incidents from it ，then you are likely to remember the words that relate to it.

In a word，if we use scientific methods we will learn the vocabulary well，so that we will make great progress in English learning .

（责编   张景贤）