企业间信息共享的激励问题研究

高洁

(1.哈尔滨工业大学深圳研究生院城市规划与管理学院，广东深圳518055)

摘要：本文考虑了一个零售商占主导地位但制造商具有市场需求信息优势的二级供应链系统；具体来说，制造商具有确定的市场需求信息，而零售商对市场需求信息仅仅有一个随机先验分布。本文讨论的问题是，当零售商设计采购合同时，制造商是否有意愿去改善零售商的需求信息？如果可能，是否零售商提供的合同越复杂越能激励制造商这么做呢？本文的研究结果表明，(i)制造商希望零售商需求估计的均值(即信息趋势)尽可能地低。但是对于需求估计的方差(即信息精度)，则存在一个临界值，低于这个值时，制造商希望零售商需求的方差越大越好；高于这个值时，制造商希望零售商需求的方差越小越好，这意味着制造商在某种程度上愿意与零售商共享信息；(ii)复杂的合同并不能提供更多的激励去促使制造商共享信息。本文的结论意味着需要设计新的机制去促使制造商能够诚实地披露他的私有信息。

关键词：供应链管理；信息共享；定价合同；信息不对称；激励

收稿日期：2013-05-20

作者简介：高洁(1984-),女,讲师,博士学位,主要研究方向:运营管理。

中图分类号：F270文章标识码：A

Incentive Issues on Information Sharing between Firms

GAO Jie

(1.SchoolofUrbanPlanningandManagement,ShenzhenGraduateSchool,HarbinInstituteofTechnology,Shenzhen518055,China)

Abstract:This study considers a supply chain system with a dominant retailer purchasing a product from a manufacturer, who has private superior knowledge about market demand, where the retailer’s market information estimate is modeled as a continuous random variable characterized by mean and variance. Under this setting, would the manufacturer be willing to improve the retailer’s imperfect knowledge when the retailer is designing her purchasing contract? If possible, could a more sophisticated contract provide more incentives for the manufacturer to do so? The results of this research show that: (i)The manufacturer wishes the mean of the retailer’s estimate as low as possible, while there exists an interior point of variance that maximize the manufacturer’s profit: below the interior point, the manufacturer wishes the retailer have a higher variance; while above the interior point, the manufacturer wishes a lower variance from the retailer, which means the manufacturer is willing to share the information with the retailer under certain conditions. (ii)There is no evidence that a more sophisticated contract can offer more incentives to the manufacturer to improve the information of the retailer. The results call for new contracts developed to induce the manufacturer to honestly reveal his private information.

Key words:supply chain management; information sharing; pricing contract; information asymmetry; incentive

0引言

需求的不确定性给企业的供应和生产带来了很大的麻烦，因此各个企业都在努力改善自己的需求预测。由于获取信息的渠道不同，导致企业间信息的不对称，例如零售商能够更接近客户，获得更多的客户信息，从而相对于同一渠道中的制造商有更加精确的需求信息；……