高原环境对地震救援人员心理健康的影响

冯杰1，姜辉2，郎森阳1*，杨君1，邹子扬3

(1.解放军总医院医学心理科,北京100853；2.解放军总医院高压氧科,北京100853；3.解放军第255医院心内科,唐山271001)

[摘要]目的了解高原环境对地震救援人员的心理健康状况的影响。方法在某地高原地震一周后或到达地震灾区1周后，采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、创伤后应激症状自评量表(SPTSD)，对190名参与高原地震救援人员进行调查，分析高原环境对救援人员心理状况的影响。结果平原进入高原的救援人员抑郁情绪发生率为34.0%，焦虑发生率为20.0%，焦虑抑郁总分均值显著高于当地地震救援人员(P<0.01)。Logistic回归分析提示被调查救援人员焦虑抑郁情绪的主要影响因子为高原反应。结论平原进入高原的地震救援人员整体心理应激以轻度焦虑抑郁为主，高原低氧高寒环境对个体心理的负性影响明确。

[关键词]海拔高度；地震救援人员；焦虑；抑郁；量表调查

[中图分类号]R 197.32[文献标识码]A

[基金项目]军队心理卫生科研专项课题(12XLZ107)

[作者简介]冯杰，男，硕士，副主任医师，注册督导师；电话：010-66936475

[通讯作者]郎森阳，电话：010-66936475

Influence of High Attitude Environment on the Mental Health Status of the Earthquake Rescuers

FENG Jie1, JIANG Hui2, LANG Sen-yang1*, YANG Jun1, ZOU Zi-yang3(1.Department of Medical Psychology，General Hospital of PLA，Beijing100853; 2. Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen，General Hospital of PLA，Beijing100853; 3.Department of Cardiology, No.255 Hospital of PLA, Tangshan271001)

Abstract[]ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of high altitude environment on the mental health status of earthquake rescuers. Methods190 plateau earthquake rescuers are investigated by Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS)，Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS)and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Self-Rating scale(SPTSD) a week after a certain earthquake and the rescuers’ arrival. Meanwhile, to analyze the influence of high altitude environment on the rescuers’ mental health status. ResultsThe incidence rate of depression of the rescuers who are from plain to plateau is 34.0%, and the incidence rate of anxiety is 20%. The mean data of anxiety and depression of these rescuers is significantly higher than that of local earthquake rescuer (P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis shows that the main influence factor of rescues’ anxiety and depression is high altitude reaction. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that anxiety and depression of the significant influence factors was altitude. Conclusionthe overall psychological stress of earthquake rescuers from plain to plateau is mainly mild anxiety and depression. The altitude alpine environment has negative effects on individual psychological status.

[Key words]high altitude; earthquake rescuers; anxiety; depression; scale survey

Hosp Admin J Chin PLA，2015，22(9)：831-833.

高原地震救援中，高原环境和地震创伤给救援人员的心理和生理都带来巨大压力，其承受超负荷工作和高原缺氧的生理极限，经历多数人无法想象或不可能经历的视觉、嗅觉、触觉、听觉等心理刺激。近年有关地震救援人员发生PTSD(创伤应激综合症)的研究发现地震后5个月，被调查者21.4%符合PTSD诊断标准，16.7%存在明显临床症状[1]；地震后2个月，25%符合PTSD诊断标准[2]提示非常规突发事件不仅对受害者心理和生理造成巨大创伤，对于参加救援的人员也是一次应激事件。对遂行高原地震救援任务人员相关心理卫生状况研究尚未见报道。……