张红霞

摘要：阅读理解题型是英语学科题型中一个常规而又很重要的题型，只要掌握正确的方法，就可以做好英语阅读理解题型的问题。本文介绍了几种方法。

关键词：阅读理解 解题方法

DOI：

10.16657/j.cnki.issn1673-9132.2016.03.182

阅读理解题型是英语学科题型中一个常规而又很重要的题型，尤其是在考试中，占得分值比较多，非常重要的得分点，可以说英语成绩的好坏和是否做好阅读理解题型有着十分重要的关系。本文从归纳了三个简单的方法来做好英语的阅读理解题型。

一、找关键词法

找关键词法即首先阅读题目，找出该题的关键词，再根据这个关键词在短文中定位所需要的信息。

举例：阅读短文，完成下列各题。

Today is my sisters birthday.My mother and I want to  buy things for the birthday party. Now we are making a shopping list.We should buy a big birthday cake.And we need one kilo  of oranges，  two  kilos  of apples.  We  also  need  to  buy  half  a  kolo  of cheese。  We want six bottles of milk and six bottles of juice.

1.What are we doing now？

2.How much cheese do we need to buy？

3.How many bottles of drinks do we want？

方法点拨：

1.本题用找关键词法。题目询问的是我们正在做什么。由关键词now对应原文

“Now we are making a shopping list.”可知我们正在列购物清单。答案为：We are     making a shopping list.

2.本题用找关键词法。题目询问的是我们需要买多少奶酪。由关键词cheese对应    原文“We also need to buy half a kilo of cheese.”可知我们需要半千克奶酪。答案为：Half a kilo.

3.本题用找关键词法。由题目中的关键词bottles of drinks可知询问的是需要饮料的    瓶数，对应原文“...six bottles of milk and six bottles of juice.”可知是六瓶牛奶和六瓶果汁，总共十二瓶。答案为：Twelve bottles.

二、略读法

略读法（又名跳读法）是一种非常实用的快速阅读技巧。阅读过程中要跳过某些细节，进行有选择的阅读，以抓住文章大意，节省阅读时间。

举例：阅读短文，完成下面的题目。

Jack is an American boy.  He is in Bejing with his family.  In the morning，  he gets up at six.  Then he does morning exercises with his dad.  He has breakfast at seven. After breakfast he goes to school by bus.  His class starts at half past eight.

Jack has three classes in the morning and three classes in the afternoon.He likes Chinese best.He has lunch at school.After school he plays football with his friends in the playground.He goes home at five.He does his homework at home.After dinner， he watches TV.He goes to bed before ten.

Circle what Jack does in a day.

get up，take a shower，do morning exercises

read English，have breakfast，go to school

have classes，play football，play computer games

do homework，do housework，watch TV

方法点拨：解答此类题可用略读法。题目要求圈出杰克一天的活动。通过跳读，获知杰克一天的活动如下：get up，do morning exercises，have breakfast，go to school，  have classes，play football， do homework，watch TV。

三、提示词法

提示词常用来说明前后的递进、转折、因果关系等。根据提示词来判断句子成分之间、句子句子之间关系的阅读方法称为提示词阅读法

举例：阅读短文，完成下列各题。

My name is Mary. I can do many interesting things in each season.In spring，it's warm and windy.I can plant trees and fly kites.Summer is hot and rainy in the north of China.I often go  swimming.It makes me healthy and strong.I can also eat ice cream and watermelons .Autumn is a golden season.I can pick many delicious fruits.I like autumn best，because I like the National  Day and the Mid-Autumn Festival very much.Winter comes after autumn.It often snows in my hometown.I can go outside and play in the snow with  my friends.Which season do you like best？

1.In spring，it's ___ and ___.I can __ and___.

2.Summer is ___and __ in the north of China.

3.Why does Mary like autumn best？

方法点拨：

本题可用寻读法。由句子中的In spring可以迅速在短文中找到第三句"In spring，    it's warm and windy.”和第四句"1 can plant trees and fly kites.”，经过比对，四个空依次应填warm，windy，plant trees和fly kites。以此类推，第2个问题应填hot和rainy。第三个问题答案为Because she likes the National Day and the Mid-Autumn  Festival very much.

只要掌握正确的方法，就可以做好英语阅读理解题型的问题，不过法无定法，本文中的例题都是单独的，实际考试中可能会有综合题型，就需要综合运用两种或多种方法来进行解答，从而更好的解决问题。

（责编 张景贤）