董士伟+李红+张微微+等

摘要：以北京山区为例，首先采用LI-8100开路式土壤碳通量测量系统测定土壤呼吸速率，同时采集土壤样品测定土壤有机质含量；其次对土壤呼吸与土壤有机质的关系进行分析研究，并从不同有机质等级和不同种植类型两个层面对农田土壤呼吸速率进行特征分析，以揭示农田土壤有机质与土壤呼吸的关系。结果表明，北京山区农田土壤有机质含量对土壤呼吸速率有显著影响，二者呈现对数关系，土壤呼吸速率与有机质等级正相关；不同种植类型下农田土壤呼吸速率不同，玉米最高，大豆次之，花卉最低。

关键词：土壤呼吸；有机质；农田；特征分析；北京山区

中图分类号：S154 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2015）20-4982-03

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.20.015

Impact of Farmland Soil Organic Matter on Soil Respiration in Beijing Mountainous Area

DONG Shi-wei， LI Hong， ZHANG Wei-wei， LIU Xiao-na

（Institute of Agricultural Integrated Development， Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forest Science， Beijing 100097， China）

Abstract： Beijing mountainous area was chosen to research. Firstly， LI-8100 Automated Soil CO2 Flux System was adopted to measure soil respiration， and soil samples were collected to measure soil organic matter content. Secondly， relationship of soil organic matter and soil respiration was specifically analyzed. Farmland soil respiration rate was implemented characteristic analysis from two levels including different grades of organic matter and different planting types，to reveal the relationship of farmland soil respiration and soil organic matter. The results showed that farmland soil organic matter content had a significant effect on soil respiration rate in Beijing mountainous area and both exhibited logarithmic relationship. Soil respiration rate and organic matter grade were positive correlation. Farmland soil respiration rates were not the same under different cropping types， and their descending order was corn， soybeans， and flowers.

Key words： soil respiration； organic matter； farmland； characteristic analysis；Beijing mountainous area

土壤呼吸过程是陆地生态系统碳循环中土壤碳的主要输出途径，是大气CO2重要排放源，其排放量是陆地生态系统向大气排放碳的最大通量之一[1]。农业是重要的温室气体来源，土壤中的有机物质经微生物分解，以CO2的形式释放入大气。许多研究表明，土壤温度、水分和有机质的变化是造成土壤呼吸有明显日变化和季节变化规律的重要原因[2-5]。虽然很多研究者在这些方面做了大量工作，但各个因素作用于土壤呼吸的影响机理和作用大小尚不明确，不同环境影响因子所起的作用也不同。土壤有机质能促使土壤形成结构，改善土壤物理、化学及生物学过程，对CO2影响最显著，为此从土壤有机质角度出发，系统研究了农田土壤有机质含量对土壤呼吸速率的影响。……