陈小玲+张荣+李琳玲+等

摘要：为研究施肥对板栗（Castanea mollissima）生长发育及内源激素的影响，本研究以罗田板栗栽培品种八月红为研究对象，通过调节N、P、K及Ca、Mg、B等元素的合理配比，研究板栗施肥的最佳时间、肥料配比及内源激素含量变化。研究结果表明，6、7月适当的补施肥料，对板栗果枝数目增加效果明显；各个测试点上板栗花芽中吲哚-3-乙酸（IAA）、脱落酸（ABA）、赤霉素（GA3）、玉米素（Z）含量均比未施肥的高。在3月施加B肥（施肥方案3）对几种内源激素含量影响较其他几种方案有较大差异：IAA含量各个测试点均最高，ABA含量在花序原基分化期（10～11月）比其他施肥方案高，在花簇原基分化期（12月至次年1月）上升幅度比其他激素高，GA3含量和Z含量变化跟其他施肥方案差别较小；早期充足的硼肥，对植物内源激素积累有重要作用。综合分析认为，选择3月对板栗施加N、P、K、Ca混合肥料，之后（6～7月）进行B和N、P、K、Ca混合配比喷施，能促进板栗生长和结果。

关键词：板栗（Castanea mollissima）；施肥；内源激素；含量变化

中图分类号：S664.2 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2015）20-4975-05

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.20.013

The Effect of Fertilization on the Changes of Endogenous Hormone Levels

in Castanea mollissima Flowering Period

CHEN Xiao-ling1，2，ZHANG Rong2，LI Lin-ling2，WU Cong-hua2，YUAN Hong-hui2，CHENG Shui-yuan3，CHENG Hua2

（1. College of Horticulture and Gardening，Yangtze University，Jingzhou 434025， Hubei，China；2.College of life science，Huanggang Normal University，Huanggang 438000，Hubei，China；3.School of Biology and Pharmaceutical engineering，Wuhan Polytechnic University，Wuhan， 430023，China）

Abstrct： Taking Castanea mollissima （Bayuehong） as the samples， the accumulation levels of hormone and the best fertilizer ratio during the period of floral bud differentiation stage was studied. The results indicated that， by adjusting reasonable collocation of the N， P， K， Ca， Mg and B elements， the best fertilization time， fertilizer ratio， endogenesis hormone content variation of chestnut were determined. Studies showed that all five kinds of fertilization schemes could better promote the growth of tree. Fill the appropriate of fertilization treatment input during June and July， the Chinese chestnut branch number increased obviously. All test points in Chinese chestnut flower bud of IAA， ABA， GA3 and Z content were higher than without fertilization. When applying boron fertilizer in March （fertilization scheme 3）， effects of several endogenous hormone levels were different from that of other several schemes： IAA content in each test point were highest， ABA content in inflorescence primordium differentiation stage （October to November） was higher than other fertilization scheme， rise in the flowers from primordium differentiation stage （December to January） was higher than other period， the content change of GA3 and Z with other fertilization scheme was not obvious. Enough B fertilizer application in early stage played an important role in accumulation of plant endogenous hormones. Comprehensive analysis showed， applying N， P， K， Ca compost in March， and B， N， P， K， Ca compost from June to July could promote the growth and fruition of Chinese chestnut.

Key words：chestnut（Castanea mollissima）； fertilization；endogenesis hormone；content variation

板栗（Castanea mollissima）属壳斗科栗属植物，为中国传统干果之一。目前，板栗分布于北半球的亚洲、欧洲、非洲和美洲大陆[1，2]。湖北省罗田县是中国南方重要的板栗主产区，栽培面积4.8万hm2，年产板栗约3.0万t左右，板栗产业年产值达4.8亿元，在当地经济发展中起着不可替代的作用[3]。虽然我国是板栗生产的传统大国，在板栗栽培技术方面积累了较为丰富的经验，但对板栗生产中长期存在的雄花量过大、雌花量不足（雌雄花比例通常为1∶2 000～1∶3 000）的问题一直未能得到很好的解决，导致单产低、效益差，严重制约了板栗产业的健康发展[4]。……