牛鹏辉+夏振尧+梁永哲+等

摘要：研究了向家坝工程扰动区5种不同边坡生态恢复方式下土壤有机磷形态分布和磷酸酶活性。结果表明，向家坝工程扰动区不同修复模式下土壤总有机磷为359.9～2 188.4 mg/kg；活性、中等活性和中稳性有机磷的含量最高的为植被混凝土样地，高稳性有机磷含量最高的是客土喷播样地；4种有机磷组分中，中等活性有机磷所占的比重最大，4种人工恢复样地的中等活性有机磷含量显著高于天然次生林边坡；有机肥（物）的添加能提高活性、中等活性、和中稳性有机磷的含量；5种样地的3种磷酸酶活性均以植被混凝土样地最高，天然次生林样地最低；植被混凝土样地的碱性磷酸酶活性最强，其他4种样地的酸性磷酸酶活性最强；磷酸酶的活性受有机磷含量的影响，有机磷含量越高，3种磷酸酶的活性越强，因此增加基材中有机磷肥的含量可以诱导磷酸酶的产生，提高土壤的有效磷含量。

关键词：边坡；生态恢复；有机磷；磷酸酶；向家坝

中图分类号：S153.6+2 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2015）20-4963-06

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.20.011

Study on Organic Phosphorus Forms and Phosphatase Activity of Ecological Restoration Slope Soil in Xiangjiaba Area

NIU Peng-hui1，2，XIA Zhen-yao2，LIANG Yong-zhe2，WU-Bin3，XU Wen-nian1

（1. College of Civil Engineering and Architecture， China Three Gorges University， Yichang 443002， Hubei， China； 2. Collaborative Innovation Center for Geo-Hazards and Eco-Environment in Three Gorges Area， Hubei Province， Yichang 443002， Hubei， China；

3. Center for Ecological Research， Northeast Forestry University， Harbin， 150040， China）

Abstract： The distribution of soil organic phosphorus（OP） forms and phosphatase activity were studied of 5 types of ecological restored slopes in the disturbed area of Xiangjiaba hydropower construction. The results showed that the content of total OP in the 5 different types of slopes was between 359.9 to 2 188.4 mg/kg. The content of labile OP， moderate labile OP and moderate resistant OP in the vegetation-compatible concrete was the highest one， while the content of resistant OP in the external-soil spray seeding sample plot was the highest of the five types of slopes. The content of moderate labile OP was the highest one in the four kinds of OP， and the content of moderate labile OP in the four artificial restored slopes significantly higher than that in the natural secondary forest. Adding organic fertilizers or organic matters can increase the content of labile OP， moderate labile OP and moderate resistant OP. All three phosphatases activity of the vegetation-compatible concrete was the highest， while those of the natural secondary forest were the lowest of the five types of slopes. The activity of alkaline phosphatase in the vegetation-compatible concrete was higher than neutral and acid phosphatase， and the acid phosphatase activity of the other four types of slopes was higher than neutral and alkaline phosphatase activity. Owing to the activity of phosphatases were influenced by OP content， the content of OP fertilizer could be increased in the substrates to stimulate producing more phosphatase， thus， the content of available P could be increased.

Key words： slopes； ecological restoration； organic phosphorus； phosphatase； Xiangjiaba area

磷是植物生长所需的大量元素之一，几乎参与了植物所有的生命活动。土壤中的磷素由无机磷和有机磷两部分组成，无机磷是有效磷的主体，其含量占土壤全磷含量的60%～80%[1]，是土壤中有效磷的主要来源。无机磷可以分为水溶性磷、Al-P（铝结合态磷）、O-P（有机磷）和Ca-P（钙磷）4种形态[2，3]。有机磷含量占土壤磷素总量的比重的20%～80%[4]，其对农业生产和环境有重要的影响。土壤中的一小部分有机磷可以直接被作物吸收利用，其余则需要矿化成为无机磷才能被作物吸收利用[5]。……