秦自果+刘威+李小坤+等

摘要：田间试验条件下，研究5个播种量（7.5～37.5 kg/hm2）对紫云英（Astragalus sinicus L.）种子产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明，紫云英鲜草产量和种子产量与播种量呈抛物线关系，均随播种量增加先升高后降低，在播种量22.5 kg/hm2时最大。根据种子产量与播种量效应函数，在节约用种原则下，推荐江汉平原稻区紫云英种子高产播种量为15～24 kg/hm2。紫云英种子产量与鲜草产量呈正相关。随着播种量增加，紫云英群体密度增加，株高、茎基部直径、单株重、单株一级分枝数、一级分枝花序数显著降低，每有效花序结荚数、每荚粒数和千粒重受影响较小。单位面积一级分枝数和花序数随着播种量增加先升高后降低，与种子产量显著正相关，是影响种子产量的关键因子。

关键词：紫云英（Astragalus sinicus L.）；播种量；种子产量；产量构成因素

中国分类号：S551+.9 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2015）20-4960-03

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.20.010

Effect of Seeding Rate on Seed Yield and Its Components of Chinese Milk Vetch

QIN Zi-guo1，LIU Wei1，LI Xiao-kun1，LU Jian-wei1，LU Jun-ming2，DAI Zhi-gang3，CAO Wei-dong4，GENG Ming-jian1

（1. Microelement Research Center， Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation ，Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River， Ministry of Agriculture， Wuhan 430070， China；2. Agricultural Technology Service Center， Datonghu Administration District of Honghu City， Honghu 433221， Hubei，China；3. Station of Arable Land Quality and Fertilizer Management of Hubei Province，Wuhan 430070，China；4. Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer， Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning， Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Beijing 100081， China）

Abstract：Effects of different seeding rate （7.5～37.5 kg/hm2） on the seed yield and yield components of Chinese milk vetch were studied in a field experiment. The results showed that the fresh grass yield in full-blossom stage and seed yield of Chinese milk vetch firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of seeding rate， which showed as a parabola pattern reached the peak in the seeding rate of 22.5 kg/hm2. The optimum seeding rate to achieve high Chinese milk vetch seed yield was 15～24 kg/hm2 in rice producing area in Jianghan Plain according to the parabola function and saving seeding rate. The plant density increased with increasing seeding rate， however， plant height， diameter of the stem base， weight per plant， number of first branch per plant and its number of racemes branch decreased， and the number of pods per effective raceme， the number of seeds per pod and 1 000-grain weight remain stable throughout. As seeding rate increased， both first branch and racemes in unit area raised first and then declined. They were the major factors controlling seed yield which positively correlated with seed yield.

Key words： Astragalus sinicus L.； seeding rate； seed yield； yield components

紫云英（Astragalus sinicus L.）是豆科黄芪属越年生草本植物，原产于中国，种植历史悠久[1]。现今是中国南方最主要的冬季稻田绿肥，翻压利用可以增加土壤有机质及养分含量，提高土壤肥力，改善农业生态环境，促进水稻增产稳产[2-5]。紫云英也是一种优良的豆科牧草和重要蜜源作物之一，是中国建设现代农业生产体系中不可或缺的绿肥作物[6，7]。当前，在中国由传统农业向现代农业加速转变时期，绿肥在粮食安全、食品健康和农业生态环境等方面的作用越来越受到重视，绿肥的生产应用又进入了一个快速恢复和发展时期。

过去几年市场上紫云英种子价格波动幅度较大，一定程度上影响了南方稻田绿肥的快速发展。……