城市防灾系统脆弱性评估及关键影响因素识别研究
2015-10-27徐松鹤等
徐松鹤等



摘要:基于系统脆弱性的内涵,从敏感性、应对力和恢复力三方面,构建城市防灾系统脆弱性评估指标体系。应用突变级数法,并引入熵值法克服指标重要度排序的主观性,评估中国大陆省会及直辖市的城市防灾系统脆弱性。结合评估结果,运用优势粗糙集理论得到城市防灾系统脆弱性指标的约简,即影响城市防灾系统脆弱性的关键因素。结果表明,评估方法极大地减少了主观因素影响,能为建设城市应急管理能力提供理论支持,具有一定的实用价值。
关键词:城市防灾系统;脆弱性;突变级数法;优势粗糙集
DOI:10.13956/j.ss.1001-8409.2015.XX.XX
中图分类号:X43 文献标识码: 文章编号:
Assessment and the Key Influencing Factors Analysis of Urban Disaster Prevention System Vulnerability
XU Song-hea, HAN Chuan-fenga, MENG Ling-pengb
(a.School of Economics and Management; b.Electronic and Information Engineering College, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092)
Abstract: This paper develops evaluation system of disaster prevention system vulnerability based on the concept of vulnerability which contains sensitivity, capacity of coping and resilience. Entropy method is introduced to overcome the subjectivity of index sort when assessing the disaster prevention system vulnerability of provincial capital and municipalities directly under the central government of Chinese mainland based on catastrophe progression. According to dominance rough set and vulnerability assessment value, key influencing factors of urban disaster vulnerability are got through reduction. Results show that the proposed evaluation model greatly reduced the subjective influence in the process of assessment. It has good validity and practicability.
Key words: urban disaster prevention system; vulnerability; catastrophe progression; dominance rough set
中国城镇化进程不断加快,城市规模急剧扩张,人口、财富、资源等加速集中,居民对城市的依赖性增强。然而,城市防灾系统发展滞后,自我保障能力严重不足。加之全球环境的恶化,灾害风险骤增,城市的安全与发展面临严峻挑战。加强城市防灾系统建设,提高应对灾害事件的能力,成为实现城市经济社会可持续发展的迫切需求。
脆弱性是城市防灾系统的固有属性[1],指城市系统及其组成要素,易受到干扰破坏,并缺乏抗拒扰动、恢复自身功能的能力[2],是衡量城市应急和防灾减灾功能的重要指标。作为巨大的灾害承灾体,城市防灾系统的脆弱性易产生连锁和放大效应,造成巨大的人员伤亡和财产损失。评估脆弱性有助于识别城市防灾系统的功能缺陷和能力不足,助力应急能力提升,业已成为城市应急管理领域重点关注的方向之一[3,4]。……
