阻止市场进入的碳减排策略选择?
2015-10-27慕艳芬聂佳佳马祖军
慕艳芬+聂佳佳+马祖军



摘要:研究了不同市场进入成本情况下,在位者阻止/允许市场进入者的碳减排策略选择。研究发现:当市场进入成本较高时,在位者不用付出额外的成本完全垄断市场;当市场进入成本中等时,在位者的策略受在位者潜在市场份额的影响,如果市场份额较低,在位者提高碳减排标准至临界值阻止进入者,如果市场份额较高,在位者降低碳减排至临界值以下允许进入者进入;当市场进入成本较低时,在位者的最优选择是允许进入者进入并采用竞争时最优的碳减排策略。
关键词:碳排放;碳减排;市场进入;市场阻止
DOI:10.13956/j.ss.1001-8409.2015.XX.XX
中图分类号:F270 文献标识码: 文章编号:
The strategy choice on reducing the carbon emission for deterring the market entrant
MU Yan-fen, NIE Jia-jia, MA Zu-jun
(School of Economics and Management, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China)
Abstract:The incumbents optimal carbon reducing strategy choice on the deterrence or accommodation is studied under the different market entry cost. It is found that when the entry cost is high, the incumbent can monopolize the market without making extra effort and adopt the optimal monopolistic carbon reducing strategy. But when the entry cost is middle, the incumbents strategy choice is influenced by the potential market volume. If the market volume is small, the incumbent reduces the carbon emission to the critical value for deterring the entrant. If the market volume is large, the incumbent cuts down the carbon emission below the critical value for accommodating the entrant. When the fixed entry cost is low, the incumbent allows the entrant to enter the market and adopts the competitive optimal carbon emission reducing strategy.
Keywords: carbon emission; carbon emission reducing; market entrance; market deterrence
引言
发展低碳经济,减少碳排放已经成为全球所关注的热点问题[1,2]。随着人们环保意识的提高,消费者的消费观念也在发生重要变化。根据欧盟委员会的调查,2008年有75%的欧洲人愿意购买较贵的环保产品,相比之下这一数据在2005年只有31%[3]。对于产品在生产过程中的碳排放和对环境造成的影响,生产者和消费者之间存在信息不对称。而“碳标签”的出现和推广使得消费者获取产品的碳信息成为可能,纠正了商品的环境性市场失灵,为消费者作出有利于环境的购买决策提供了依据。越来越多的消费者意识到消费行为对生态环境产生的影响,在购买商品时除了考虑个人需要,还愿意积极承担一定的社会责任[4~5]。研究证实,贴了碳标签后碳排放较低的产品销售量上升,碳排放较高的产品销售量下降,这表明消费者倾向于购买带有碳标签的低碳产品[6~7]。……
