魏晓雪 李月兴 王菁华 方振兴 潘虹 曾颖 杨臣

摘要 [目的]研究五大连池地区30个天然露头泉氮、磷污染特征，为五大连池天然矿泉资源的可持续开发利用和保护提供理论依据。[方法]选择不同环境区域有代表性的30个天然露头泉，分别于枯水期、平水期、丰水期进行样品采集，测定样品中氮、磷等污染物的含量，分析五大连池天然露头泉氮、磷污染特征。[结果] 五大连池地区30个天然露头泉总体受到严重的氮素污染，总氮和硝态氮是主要的氮素污染形式，总磷和氨氮含量较低。[结论]天然露头泉污染主要是由农业面源污染造成的。

關键词 五大连池;露头泉;氮磷污染

中图分类号 X181.3;X522  文献标识码

A  文章编号 0517-6611（2015）03-282-03

Study of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Pollution Characteristics of Wudalianchi Natural Outcrop Springs

WEI Xiaoxue， LI Yuexing， WANG Jinghua et al

（Institute of Volcanoes and Mineral Springs， Heilongjiang Academy of Science， Wudalianchi， Heilongjiang 164155）

Abstract  [Objective] The research aimed to study the characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of 30 natural outcrop spring in Wudalianchi， which provides a theoretical basis for the sustainable development and utilization and protection of Wudalianchi natural mineral resources. [Method] Choosing 30 natural outcrop spring representatives in different region， samples were collected in low water period， normal water period， wet period respectively， the content of nitrogen， phosphorus and other contaminants in the samples were determined， the pollution characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus in Wudalianchi natural outcrop spring were analyzed. [Result] The 30 natural outcrop spring general in Wudalianchi area were seriously polluted by nitrogen， total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen is the main form of nitrogen pollution， the content of total phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen is low. [Conclusion] The natural outcrop spring polution was mainly caused by agricultural nonpoint source pollution.

Key words  Wudalianchi; Springs; Nitrogen and phosphorus pollution

基金项目 黑龙江省财政基本科研业务费专项。

作者简介 魏晓雪（1982- ），女，黑龙江兰西人，助理研究员，博士，从事环境生态学研究。

收稿日期 20141204

五大连池是我国矿泉水之乡，五大连池矿泉水是世界珍稀资源，特别是五大连池的铁硅质重碳酸钙镁型的矿泉水，享有“神泉”、“圣水”的美誉，和法国的维希矿泉、俄罗斯北高加索矿泉并称为“世界三大冷泉”^[1]。五大连池现有矿泉水生产企业均利用五大连池天然露头矿泉作为水源生产，故五大连池地区天然露头泉的的水质安全具有重要的战略地位。五大连池境内工业较少，居民大多以农业和旅游业为生。五大连池境内耕地面积28万hm²，是黑龙江省麦豆主产区之一，也是全国500个产粮大县之一，大豆种植面积占耕地总面积的70%左右，年平均总产40万t以上。……