穆淑红 吕乐福 何振全 李彦华 李生太 刘春生

摘要 [目的] 为了研究磷矿粉在不同土壤上的磷释放规律。[方法] 选取5种典型类型土壤进行盆栽试验，于油菜苗期取土样和植株样进行化学分析。[结论] 微晶化磷矿粉的肥效在红壤、棕壤以及水稻土等偏酸性土壤上比在褐土和潮土等中、碱性土壤上效果好;在红壤等酸性土壤上施用2倍及以上于过磷酸钙量的微晶化磷矿粉对土壤及油菜的影响效果明显，在褐土等偏碱性的土壤上微晶化磷矿粉的肥效还有待提高。[讨论] 该研究可以为微晶化磷矿粉的广泛施用提供依据。

关键词 微晶化磷矿粉;油菜;土壤类型

中图分类号 S634.3  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611（2015）03-064-03

Fertilizer Research of MicroCrystalline Phosphate Rock Powder on Different Types of Soil

MU Shuhong¹， LV Lefu²， HE Zhenquan³， LIU Chunsheng1*

（1. College of Resources and Environment， Shandong Agricultural University， Taian， Shandong 271018; 2. Linyi Bureau of Technical Supervision， Linyi， Shandong 271000; 3.Tsinghua University， Beijing 100084）

Abstract [Objective]The research aimed to study the phosphorus release rule of phosphate rock powder in different types of soil. [Method] Five typical types of soil were selected to carry out the pot experiment， and soil samples and plant samples were taken for chemical analysis in the stage of rapeseed seedling. [Result] The fertilizer on acidic soils such as red soil， brown soil and paddy soil was better than on alkaline soils such as cinnamon soil and aquic soil. Effect of microcrystalline phosphate rock powder more than twice the amount of calcium superphosphate on acidic soils such as red soil was significant to rape， while it should be improved on alkaline soils such as cinnamon soil. [Conclusion] The research could provide the basis for the wide application of microcrystalline phosphate rock powder.

Key words Microcrystalline phosphate rock powder; Rape; Soil type

磷是植物生长发育的必需营养元素之一。它构成植物体内多种重要化合物，并且参与植物体内的多种代谢过程，在农业生产中的地位举足轻重^[1]。土壤中的磷增加主要来自于磷肥的施用。随着近年来农业的迅速发展，磷肥用量逐年增加^[2]，磷肥的供需状况将成为未来农业生产的主要矛盾之一。磷矿是不可再生的矿产资源。我国磷矿资源总量丰富，但大多是中低品位磷矿，因此开发中低品位磷矿，研究如何促进中低品位磷矿中磷的释放成为当务之急^[3]。近年来，磷矿粉的超微细加工技术崭露头角，其制造工艺简单，成本低廉，适用磷矿类型广，与普通磷矿粉相比有效磷含量有较大的提高，正作为一种新型磷肥被广泛推广使用^[4-5]。 但是，微晶化磷矿粉在不同类型土壤上的肥效研究较少。……