基于S7?300 PLC不规则空间曲线自动焊接系统设计
2015-09-23何龙
何龙
摘 要: 针对螺旋形部件焊缝的特点和焊接需求,设计了一套基于S7?300 PLC的不规则空间曲线自动焊接系统。介绍了整个控制系统的系统组成、工作原理及软件算法;在机械臂摆动控制上采用FM354伺服电机定位模块实现高精度定位,在机械臂高度和机械臂长度控制上采用基于PLC?300的闭环比例?积分控制。所设计焊接自动控制系统既保证了控制精度又降低了设计成本。基于设计系统进行焊接试验,试验结果表明:焊接定位精度较高,焊缝平整光滑,试验结果证实了该系统的焊接可行性及可靠性。
关键词: PLC; 空间曲线; 机械臂; 焊接; 定位精度
中图分类号: TN609?34 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1004?373X(2015)17?0160?03
Design of automatic welding system for irregular space curve based on S7?300 PLC
HE Long
(Chengdu Aeronautic Polytechnic, Chengdu 610100, China)
Abstract: For the characteristics of welding seam and welding requirements of spiral component, a set of automatic welding system for irregular space curve based on S7?300 PLC was designed. System composition, work principle and software algorithm of the whole control system are introduced. In the control of mechanical arm swing, the high accuracy positioning was achieved by using FM354 servomotor positioning module. The closed loop proportional?integral control based on PLC?300 is adopted by the control of the mechanical arm height and length. The designed automatic welding system can ensure the control precision and reduce the design cost. The welding experiment is conducted based on the system design. The experimental results show that the positioning accuracy of welding is high and the welding seam is smooth, and the feasibility and reliability of the system were proved by test results.
Keywords: PLC; space curve; mechanical arm; welding; positioning accuracy
0 引 言
近年来,随着科技的全面进步,机械臂的设计也得到了突飞猛进的发展[1?2]。新一代焊接设备也均采用较为先进的视觉呈现方法对焊缝进行自动检测和自动跟踪[3?4],同时采用了更先进的控制算法控制焊接过程以达到较高的精度;然而焊接过程中软硬件设计极其复杂,设备成本较高,很难满足中小型企业的需求[5?6],因此有必要研究分析自动焊接机降低成本、同时控制较高精度的空间曲线自动焊接。
本文在空间直角坐标系建模,基于西门子S7?300着重考虑焊接过程中焊接接头空间轨迹求解和定位精度,设计了不规则空间曲线自动焊接设备的焊接方案。机械臂轨迹上采用常用定时插补算法,驱动单元上采用伺服电机实现高精度闭环控制。通过焊接系统设计分析然后进行焊接试验,以期为自动焊接发展提供可靠的理论指导。……
