徐梦辰

摘 要：根据2003—2012年聊城市农业生态系统数据，运用能值理论方法，分析该市生态农业的投入与产出，采用可更新资源能值比率、能值自给率、净能值产出率、能值投资率、环境负载率和可持续发展指数等指标，对聊城市农业生态系统进行全面评价。结果表明：在能值投入上，主要依赖于后期的工业辅助能，而对当地环境资源的依赖程度较低；在能值产出上，畜牧业取得长足发展，已超过种植业，成为优势产业；研究区农业生态系统属于消费型，可持续发展指数逐年降低，仅维持在0.1以下，环境负荷率逐年升高，最高达15.5，区域环境压力大，生态状况难以改善。聊城市今后应大力发展节水灌溉农业，积极引进先进技术，调整工业辅助能投入，提高能值受益率，探索建立多层次、高功能的生态农业模式。

关键字：农业生态系统；能值分析；可持续发展；聊城市

中图分类号：F062.2 文献标识码：A DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2015.09.007

Study on Sustainability of Agricultural Ecosystem in Liaocheng City based on Emergy Analysis

XU Meng-chen

（Environmental and Planning School of Liaocheng University， Liaocheng， Shandong 252059， China）

Abstract： Through analyzing the emergy input and output of agro-ecosystem of Liaocheng， discussed the security of agro-ecosystem structure. This paper helped coordinate the relationship between agriculture production and ecological environment and provides references for scientific management of the sustainable development of Liaocheng. Based on the data of agro-ecosystem of Liaocheng in 2003-2012， used the methods of emergy and calculated some indicators of emergy， such as renewable resources emergy ratio， emergy self-sufficiency ratio， net emergy yield ratio， emergy investment ratio， environmental loading ratio and emergy sustainable index to analyze comprehensively on agriculture system of Liaocheng City. The research results showed on the emergy input， agriculture ecosystem rely mainly on industrial auxiliary emergy and the level of dependence on the local environment resources was low； on the emergy output， animal husbandry had a substantial progress， becoming a dominant industry， and exceeded the planting industry； the agro-ecosystem system in the study area belonged to consumer type， with the emergy sustainable index decreasing gradually （only keep below 0.01） and the environmental loading ratio increasing year by year （the most up to 15.5）. The regional environmental pressure was enormous and ecological status was difficult to improve. Future agricultural ecosystem management should vigorously develop water-saving irrigation agriculture with actively introducing advanced technology， adjusting industrial auxiliary energy input and enhancing emergy value benefit rate. Explored establishing multi-level and high function of ecological agriculture model.

Key words： agro-ecosystem； emergy analysis； sustainable development； Liaocheng City

20世纪80年代，美国著名生态学家H.T.Odum在系统生态、能量生态、生态经济理论基础上创立了能值理论及分析方法[1]。我国于20世纪90年代由留美学者蓝盛芳引入[2-4]。能值分析是把生态系统中不同种类、性质或无法比较的能量转化为统一计量标准的能值[5]，从而评价其在系统中的作用和地位，分析系统的结构功能及生态经济效益。农业是人类的生存之本，在经济、环境协调发展的大背景下，能值理论可实现农业生态系统的定量分析[6]，揭示研究区农业结构特征与发展障碍[7]。目前，我国能值指标的研究以农业生态系统[8-9]为典范的较多，包括生态农业无公害设施蔬菜生产的系统效率和可持续性评价[10]。……