刘小粉　刘春增　王守刚　李本银

摘 要：本研究利用田间试验，探讨了套种豆科绿肥对土壤养分、团聚性及其有机碳和全氮分布的影响。结果表明，与空白相比，套种豆科绿肥对玉米产量、土壤容重、孔隙度、全量氮磷钾、有效氮钾及有机碳均无显著影响；有效磷趋势为红小豆>绿豆、空白，说明套种红小豆或可活化土壤磷；0.25～2.00 mm团聚体是占绝对优势的粒级，套种豆科绿肥能促进0.05～0.25 mm团聚体向其周转，但团聚体分布的变化并未引起土壤稳定性的明显差异；团聚体有机碳、全氮和碳氮比随团聚体粒径减小而降低，绿肥处理使团聚体有机碳和全氮呈下降趋势，其原因有待进一步探讨。总之，套种绿肥有利于磷活化及大团聚体形成，尽管引起部分粒级团聚体内有机碳和全氮下降，但未引起整土有机碳和全氮降低。因此，套种绿肥模式可继续推广应用。

关键词：套种绿肥；团聚体；有机碳；全氮

中图分类号：S151.9 文献标识码：A DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2015.09.010

Effects of Green Manure on Soil nutrients， Aggregation， and Distributions of Carbon and Nitrogen

LIU Xiao-fen1， LIU Chun-zeng2， WANG Shou-gang2， LI Ben-yin2

（1.Hebei University of Engineering， Handan， Hebei 056038， China； 2.Institute of Plant Nutrition， Agricultural Resources and Environmental Science， Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Zhengzhou， Henan 450002， China）

Abstract： Based on the located field experiment， the study investigated effects of green manure application with maize on soil nutrients， aggregation， and distributions of carbon and nitrogen. The results showed that compared with CK， applying green manure did not improve maize yield， soil bulk density， porosity， total C， N， P， and K， and available N and K， while soil available P increased （P< 0.05） when the red bean was applied. The 0.25～2.00 mm aggregate size was dominant among the four aggregate sizes， and applying green manure enhanced its formation and accumulation， although this did not improved soil aggregate stability. Aggregate C， N and C/N ratio decreased as aggregate size. Applying green manure reduced aggregate C and N， and the reason should be investigated further. In a word， applying green manure enhanced the available P and macroaggregate formation. Although it caused the decrease in aggregate C and N， applying green manure had no effects on the bulk soil C and N. Thus， applying green manure could be recommended.

Key words： applying green manure； aggregates； organic carbon； total nitrogen

在豫中冬小麦—夏玉米轮作区，过度施用化肥，忽视有机肥、绿肥投入的现象日益严重。施用化肥短期内能显著提高作物产量[1]，增加农民收益；长期来看，化肥的过量施用会造成土壤酸化板结、土壤微生物多样性减少、地下水硝酸盐污染、湖泊和近海水体富营养化[2-4]等农业生产和生态环境方面的问题，终将限制农业可持续发展。近年来，随着小麦、玉米的收获实现全面机械化，该地区逐步重视在作物收获的同时进行玉米秸秆粉碎还田。秸秆还田一定程度上可培肥土壤、减少化肥施用量，但玉米秸秆碳氮比较大，持续还田后不易腐解，还可能导致病虫害加剧、影响作物生长等问题。已……