罗玲英等

[摘要] 目的 探讨社区早期干预对婴儿湿疹发病率的影响。 方法 选择93例有过敏性疾病家族史且脐血IgE>1 IU/ml的高风险婴儿作为研究对象，随机分为干预组（48例）和对照组（45例）。干预组给予饮食、环境、护理等影响因素的综合干预，对照组采用常规护理和健康教育。比较两组的婴儿湿疹发病率及两组照顾者的湿疹相关知识合格率。 结果 干预组的湿疹发病率14.58%，显著低于对照组的51.11%，差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。干预组照顾者在饮食、抚触方面的湿疹知识知晓率显著高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。 结论 饮食、护理的社区早期干预可以降低高风险婴儿的湿疹发病率，是预防高风险婴儿发生过敏性疾病的有效初级干预措施。

[关键词] 婴儿；湿疹；早期干预

[中图分类号] R758.23 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721（2015）02（a）-0180-03

Influence research of early intervention in the community on incidence of infant eczema

LUO Ling-ying LI Qiu-ling NI Jia-lu YANG Liu-qing

Department of Outpatient，the Second People′s Hospital of Panyu District in Guangzhou City，Guangzhou 511430，China

[Abstract] Objective To explore the influence of early intervention in the community on incidence of infant eczema. Methods 93 infants with family history of allergic diseases and umbilical cord blood IgE>1 IU/ml were selected and randomly divided into the intervention group（48 cases） and the control group（45 cases）.The intervention group was given early comprehensive intervention，including environment，diet and nursing.The control group was given routine nursing and health education.The incidence of infant eczema and the awareness rate of eczema related knowledge of caregiver in two groups was compared. Results The incidence of infant eczema in the intervention group was 14.58%，which was lower than 51.11% in the control group，with significant difference（P<0.01）.The awareness rate of eczema related knowledge in diet，touching aspects of caregiver in the intervention group was higher than that in the control group，with significant difference（P<0.01）. Conclusion Early intervention of diet and nursing care in the community can reduce the eczema incidence of the high risk infant，which is effective primary prevention interventions in high-risk infants allergic diseases.

[Key words] Infant；Eczema；Early intervention

婴儿湿疹是婴儿期最常见的皮肤病之一，在出生后2～3个月内就可出现。文献报道，婴儿湿疹具有发病率、复发率双高的特点。林立等[1]的研究显示，出生后6个月内的婴儿湿疹发病率为51.26%（61/119）。吕波等[2]的研究显示，广东肇庆3岁以下儿童湿疹发病率为28.6%（581/4128）。杨桂湘等[3]的研究显示，婴儿湿疹复发率为67.3%。反复发作的皮肤损害、瘙痒和继发感染，严重损害了儿童的生活质量，也给父母和看护者带来了很大的困扰。1岁以后婴儿湿疹可能逐渐改善，但可能出现反复喘息和支气管哮喘，学龄前和学龄期达高峰，青春期后则以过敏性鼻炎为主[4]。近年来，有学者指出家庭成员有过敏史，饮食、接种疫苗有不良反应（尤其是有皮疹出现）[5]，经常接触粉尘或花粉等吸入性变应原，金黄色葡萄球菌和马拉色菌的皮肤定植等因素可能与婴儿湿疹有关。本研究选择本院出生的高风险婴儿作为研究对象，采取早期干预措施，有效降低了湿疹的发病率。