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基于信息结构的供应链双向激励☆

2015-07-30黄梅萍汪贤裕

软科学 2015年7期

黄梅萍++汪贤裕

摘要: 针对供应链双向激励中信息结构(信息的分布)对供销双方决策和利润的影响,文章主要考虑在双方地位相当的二级供应链中,供应商隐藏信息、销售商隐藏行动,引入虚拟第三方为利他的委托人,对交易双方同时进行激励,并分析成本和市场需求分布分别与销售商最优努力水平、供应链最优交易量及双方利润的关系。研究发现,销售商最优的努力和供应链最优的交易量均与供应商的成本、成本的信息结构呈现负相关关系,而与市场的信息结构呈现正相关关系;相较于供应商而言,销售商对供应商单位生产成本信息和市场需求波动引起的利润变化都更为敏感。最后,文章通过仿真实验给出具体的算例。

关键词: 二级供应链;信息结构;双向激励;虚拟第三方;委托代理

中图分类号: F224 文献标识码: 文章编号:

Double Incentives in Supply Chain Based on Information Structure

HUANG Mei-ping1,2, WANG Xian-yu2

(1. College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108;

2. Business School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064)

Abstract: In a two-level supply chain, the supplier hid his production cost information, and the retailer hid his sales effort, so there existed double incentives. To analyze the information structure effect on the participators' decision-making and profit in double incentives, the virtual third party was introduced as an altruistic principal to incent the supplier and retailer at the same time. Then, the relationship of the production cost and market demand's distribution respectively with the retailer's optimal effort, the supply chain's optimal trade quantity, and the participant's profits were discussed. Study results found that both of the optimal effort and trade quantity were negatively related to the information structure of production cost, while had positive correlation to information structure of demand. Moreover, compared to the supplier, the retailer was more sensitive to the fluctuations of cost information and market demand. Finally, an application was given by simulation.

Key words: two-level supply chain; information structure; double incentives; virtual-third party; principal agent

引 言

众所周知,随着信息化在全球范围内的推进,信息共享激励机制的建立对于提高供应链管理的绩效起着举足轻重的作用[ ]。然而,令人可惜的是,供应链参与企业间合作与竞争的关系,使得现实供应链中普遍存在着信息不对称的现象(比如供应商掌握更多关于生产方面的信息,销售商拥有更多关于市场的信息),并产生逆向选择和道德风险问题,进而破坏了信息共享激励机制运行的效果。因此,分析不同信息结构对于供应链信息共享激励机制的影响具有重要的理论意义和现实价值。

由于信息结构是影响供应链效率的关键因素之一,因此针对信息结构的分析已经引起了管理学界的广泛关注,国内外诸多学者对信息结构进行了深入细致的分析。……

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