赵敏　许成娟

摘要根据西南山区河流特点及引水式电站开发对河流产生的影响，建立引水式电站对西南山区河流健康影响的评价指标体系，用于调查西南山区河流健康状况。该文以西南山区河流为例从河流水文情势河岸带生态系统状况、水环境、河流自然形态水生物状况、社会服务和水资源利用7个方面来构建，分为3个层面25个评价指标，并对各个指标实际含义给出了详实的解释，对该评价体系的特点和可行性进行了评述。

关键词西南山区河流；引水式电站；河流健康；指标体系

中图分类号S277.1文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611（2015）07-357-02

The Research of Index System for Evaluating Southwest Mountain Rivers Health Affected by Diversion Type Hydropower Station

ZHAO Min1， XU Cheng-juan2

（1. School of Hydropower Engineering， Sichuan University， Chengdu， Sichuan 610041； 2. School of Manufacturing Science and Engineering， Sichuan University， Chengdu， Sichuan 610041）

AbstractAccording to the characteristics of the southwest mountain rivers and the impact of diversion power station construction on rivers health， a index system for evaluating southwest mountain rivers health was established， thus researching the health status of southwest mountain rivers. With southwest mountain rivers as example， the index system was established from seven aspects of hydrological regime， ecosystem of riparian zone， water environment， river natural form， aquatic conditions， social service， water resource utilization. Three layers and twenty-five evaluation indicators were analyzed. The actual connotation of each index was elaborated in details， the characteristics and feasibility of the evaluation index system were reviewed.

Key words Southwest mountain rivers； Diversion power station； River health； Index system

稿日期2015-01-19

1研究背景

水能资源作为国际公认的绿色可再生能源，是国家政策支持、鼓励积极开发的一种重要能源形式[1]。在水能资源开发方式中，引水式电站具有开发规模不大、建设周期不长、开发成本较低、投资回收期较短等优势，受到投资者及项目业主的青睐。我国西南山区河流水能资源的禀赋特征（河流比降大、落差集中），决定了引水式电站为该区域水能资源开发的主要方式。近年众多社会资本投入到我国西南山区进行的河流水能资源开发中，且基本采用建设引水式电站的开发方式。目前，引水式开发的西南山区河流已经出现的河道断流、水生生物栖息地丧失、河岸带生态系统退化、河流社会服务功能受损等环境问题，直接影响了河流健康状况。因此，迫切需要建立一套科学的评价指标体系，对引水式开发的西南山区河流的健康状况进行研究，为政府监管提供依据。……