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肉桂精油防控玉米霉变的研究

2015-07-13李泽洪马海杰吴克刚等

安徽农业科学 2015年7期

李泽洪 马海杰 吴克刚等

摘要[目的]拟利用肉桂精油的挥发性、天然安全性和广谱抑菌特性,对玉米颗粒进行防霉研究。[方法]采用精油熏蒸的方法,将玉米颗粒置于自制的密闭容器中,人工模拟高温高湿条件对其进行肉桂精油熏蒸。[结果]研究表明,玉米颗粒的含水量对其霉变的影响很大。空气湿度为75%时,空间浓度分别为175和100 μl/L的肉桂精油对玉米颗粒霉菌的熏杀抑制效果随着熏蒸时间的延长而逐渐提高,熏蒸时间为8 d时达到了最高的抑菌率。高湿高温条件下,肉桂精油空间浓度为1 000~2 000 μl/L是最适抑菌浓度区间,其中精油浓度2 000 μl/L为最佳抑菌浓度。[结论]研究可为玉米储藏的防霉工作提供理论依据。

关键词肉桂精油;熏蒸;霉菌;抑制

中图分类号S513文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2015)07-307-03

Study on Cinnamon Oil Controlling Fungal Growth in Maize

LI Ze-hong1, MA Hai-jie2*, WU Ke-gang2 et al

(1. Guangzhou Baihua Flavours and Fragrances Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong 510370; 2. Department of Food Science and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006)

Abstract[Objective] Using volatile, natural safety and broad-spectrum antibacterial characteristics of cinnamon oil, fungal growth controlling work on maize was conducted. [Method] The fumigation of essential oil was used in this study to artificially simulate the high temperature and high humidity conditions around the maize, using cinnamon essential oil to fumigate the maize in a self-made and airtight container. [Result] The results show that the water content of the maize greatly effected on its mildew. When the air humidity is 75% and spatial concentration is 175 and 100 μl/L, the mold inhibitory of the cinnamon essential oil to the maize gradually improves with the fumigating time prolonged, the essential oil is at the highest inhibitory rate at the end of 8 days. In high temperature and high humidity conditions, the optimum inhibitory spatial concentration interval of the cinnamon oil is 1 000-2 000 μl/L and the best inhibitory concentration of the essential oil is 2 000 μl/L. [Conclusion] The study can provide theoretical basis for corn storage mold work.

Key wordsCinnamon oil; Fumigation; Fungal; Inhibition

基金项目广州市科技计划项目(2014Y2-00107)。

作者简介李泽洪(1965-),男,广东新会人,高级工程师,硕士,从事香精香料技术研发。

收稿日期2015-01-22

玉米是三大主要粮食之一,同时也是饲料工业和养殖业中常用的一种重要的原料。然而,由于玉米籽粒中胚乳较大,营养丰富,并且收获季节恰逢多雨季节,导致玉米很容易被微生物所污染,成为较难储藏保存的粮食品种[1-2]。玉米霉变一方面造成粮食浪费和巨大的经济损失,另一方面霉变玉米中的霉菌在生长繁殖代谢过程中会产生黄曲霉毒素、呕吐毒素和玉米赤霉烯酮等多种有害毒素[3],导致食用霉变玉米及其制品的畜禽中毒、死亡的事件频频发生[4-8],因此,从最初的臭氧防霉[9]、SO2与NH3复合处理[10]、到现在的有机酸防霉剂等[11-12],玉米霉变的防控问题成为了研究热点,然而每一种玉米防霉的方法都具有其应用局限性[13]。……

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