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羟丙基羧甲基马铃薯淀粉的合成及应用研究

2015-07-13罗亮王晶石辉文

安徽农业科学 2015年7期

罗亮 王晶 石辉文

摘要[目的]探讨改性马铃薯淀粉的合成及应用。[方法]对传统马铃薯淀粉进行化学改性,先羟丙基化,后羧甲基化,并优化了反应条件,得到一种羟丙基羧甲基马铃薯淀粉;同时,将此种变性淀粉应用于铁粉球团矿生产中,研制出一种新型无机-有机复合粘结剂。[结果]试验得到的羟丙基羧甲基马铃薯淀粉粘度达到5 791 mPa·s,羟丙基取代度0.423。此种变性淀粉应用于铁粉球团矿生产中,所制球团矿有害杂质少、抗压强度高、冶金性能好,生球自然晾干固化,节能环保。[结论] 研究拓展了传统马铃薯淀粉的应用范围,具有良好的经济效益和社会效益。

关键词马铃薯淀粉;羟丙基化;羧甲基化;球团矿粘结剂

中图分类号S509.9文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2015)07-284-03

Hydroxypropyl Carboxymethyl Potato Starch Synthesis and Application Research

LUO Liang, WANG Jing, SHI Hui-wen*

(School of Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000)

Abstract[Objective] To discuss synthesis and application of modified potato starch. [Method] The chemical modification of the traditional potato starch was conducted. First hydroxypropyl, then carboxy methylation, and the reaction conditions were optimized, a kind of hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl potato starch was obtained; meanwhile, modified starch was applied in iron powder pellet production, a new type organic-inorganic composite binder was developed. [Result] The viscosity of 5 791 mPa·s, hydroxypropyl substitution degree of 0.423. The pellets made by less harmful impurities, high compressive strength and good metallurgical performance, natural air curing of the pellet, energy conservation, environmental protection. [Conclusion] The study extended the application scope of traditional potato starch, had the good economic efficiency and social benefits.

Key words Potato starch; Hydroxypropyl; Carboxy methylation; The pellet binder

马铃薯是我国主要的非谷类粮食作物之一,主要产于西北、西南、内蒙古和东北地区,具有产量高、增产潜力大等特点,可加工制成淀粉、葡萄糖、合成橡胶、酒精、糖浆等数十种食品原料和轻工产品,对于保证国家粮食安全和增加农民收入具有重要意义。马铃薯淀粉广泛应用于纺织、石油开采、饲料及食品等行业,但是,随着经济的发展,马铃薯淀粉性能上的缺陷如抗剪切性能低、易脱水、老化和成膜性差等,限制了其在工业上的应用。利用化学方法对马铃薯淀粉进行改性,得到马铃薯变性淀粉,性能得到很大改善,可以满足各种应用要求。

另一方面,随着现代高炉炼铁向着高产、低耗、长寿目标发展和钢铁冶炼新技术的应用,球团矿在钢铁工业中的作用越来越重要,已成为一种必不可少的优质高炉冶金炉料。……

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