张皓　宣引明　蒋明等

摘要为了探讨湖泊水质季节性变化规律，2012年5～11月、2013年4～8月，对江苏省昆山市长白荡上游、中央以及下游的水温、pH、亚硝酸盐、总氮、氨氮、总磷、COD 7项水质指标进行了监测，并通过SPSS软件对水质指标进行了相关性分析。结果显示，上游的氨氮水平和上游的pH之间存在显著线性负相关关系，下游的氨氮水平和中央的氨氮水平之间存在极显著线性正相关关系，上、中、下游的水温之间以及上、中、下游pH之间存在极显著线性正相关关系；偏回归方程分析显示，2012、2013年水质各指标的总体变化趋于平稳；主成分分析显示，影响2012年长白荡水质的主成分为上游的氨氮、下游的COD和总氮。基于单项指标达标率评价标准评价长白荡水质，显示2012年长白荡的总体水质属于V类标准，2013年总体水质超过V类标准（劣V类），说明长白荡水质有变劣的趋势。研究结果为分析与评价长白荡水质现状、污染程度提供了支撑数据，为进一步的水质治理提供了理论指导。

关键词锦溪长白荡；水质监测；分析；评价

中图分类号S181.3文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611（2015）07-247-06

Water Quality Analysis and Evaluation of Jinxi Changbai Swing， Kunshan during 2012-2013

ZHANG Hao1， XUAN Yin-ming2， JIANG Ming2， GONG Cheng-liang1* et al

（1. School of Basic Medical and Biological Sciences， Soochow University， Suzhou， Jiangsu 215123； 2. Kunshan Aquaculture Technology Extension Station， Suzhou， Jiangsu 215300）

AbstractTo investigate the seasonal changes of lake water quality， from May to November 2012， from April to August 2013， in Changbai swing， Kunshan City， Jiangsu Province， the central， upstream and downstreams water temperature， pH， nitrite， total nitrogen， ammonia nitrogen， total phosphorus and COD were monitored， the correlation of water quality index was conducted through SPSS software analysis. Results show that the upper reaches of the ammonia nitrogen level and the upper reaches of the pH have a significant linear negative correlation. Between the downstream of ammonia nitrogen level and the middle of ammonia nitrogen level have a significant linear positive correlation. Among the central， upstream and downstreams water temperature， pH have a significant linear positive correlation； partial regression equation analysis shows that in 2012 and 2013， the water quality index of the overall change leveled off； principal component analysis shows that the main effect component of water quality are upstream and downstreams ammonia nitrogen， COD and total nitrogen in Changbai swing 2012. Based on single objective evaluation standard， the water quality of Changbai swing， the overall water quality belongs to show V class standard 2012， the overall water quality more than V class standard （bad V kind）2013， shows that Changbai swing water quality change trend of inferior quality. The results for the analysis and evaluation of Changbai swing， provides situation of water quality and pollution degree supporting data， theoretical guidance for further water quality management.

Key wordsJinxi Changbai swing； Water quality monitoring； Analysis； Evaluation

昆山市锦溪镇东邻上海市，西接苏州市，位于昆山市的西南，为江苏省的南大门。该地区以其如诗如画的水乡风貌，动人的传说吸引着无数游客流连忘返[1]。锦溪有着丰富的自然人文资源，五湖三荡包围全镇，水域面积占全镇面积的54%。长白荡位于古镇锦溪镇的西南面约1 km处，呈南北向长方形状，南北中间长度约4 km，东西中间长度约1.3 km，平均水深约2.2 m。……