郭华　李海燕　胡伟

摘要[目的] 掌握宜宾市翠屏区农村地区居民饮用水的水质状况。[方法] 用多管发酵法测定田间井水、草丛井水、果林井水、鱼塘井水以及山泉井水等5类井水中的总大肠菌群含量。[结果] 5类井水中总大肠菌群含量均不能达到国家饮用水标准（≤3个/L）；每类井水中总大肠菌群的含量差距较大；井水中总大肠菌群的含量从大到小排序为：田间井水 > 鱼塘井水 > 果林井水 > 草丛井水 > 山泉井水。[结论] 该研究可为翠屏区乡村群众的饮用水安全提供指导。

关键词井水；饮用水安全；总大肠菌群

中图分类号X172；S273.4文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611（2015）07-220-02

Study on Total Coliforms in Different Kinds of Rural Well Water

GUO Hua1， LI Hai-yan1， HU Wei2*

（1. Yibin Environmental Monitoring Center， Yibin， Sichuan 644000； 2. Cuiping Region Environmental Station of Yibin City， Yibin， Sichuan 644000）

Abstract[Objective] To obtain drinking water quality status in villeges of Cuiping District. [Method] Total coliforms in 5 kinds of rural well water， such as field wells， brushwood well， orchard well， fishpond well and mountain spring well are detected with the multiple-tube fermentation technique to master the quality situation of the residents drinking water in rural areas of Cuiping District. [Result] None of the total coliforms in five kinds of well water reach the notional drinking water standard of no more than 3 per L.Large content of total coliforms in different kinds of well water are revealed. The content of total coliforms in well water ordered from lowest to highest revealed to be： field well water > ponds well water > orchard well water > brushwood well water > spring well water. [Conclusion] The study can provide guidance for drinking water safety of villages in Cuiping District.

Key wordsWell water； Safety of drinking water； Total coliforms

近年来，国家对环保不断加强重视，更加关注人民的居住、生活环境，特别对散居的乡村地区的生活用水也给予了高度重视。总大肠菌群对人体健康是有害的，它是用来间接反映水体污染状况的一个重要指标。总大肠菌群是需氧及兼性厌氧的革兰氏阴性的无芽孢杆菌，它能在37 ℃ 48 h内发酵乳糖产酸产气，包括埃希氏菌属、柠檬酸杆菌属、肠杆菌属以及克雷伯菌属等细菌。总大肠菌群广泛分布于天然水体环境中，不论是地表水或地下水，甚至雨水或雪水，都可能含有总大肠菌群。未经处理，直接饮用这样的水会危害人们的身体健康。

当水体受到人畜粪便、生活污水或某些工业废水污染时，水中的总大肠菌群会大量增加。因此，水的细菌学检测，特别是总大肠菌群的检测，在环境质量评价、环境卫生监督等方面具有重大的意义，例如了解农村居民饮用水的水质状况[1-2]。翠屏区位于四川盆……