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陕西省夏季降水特征及其与太平洋地区OLR的关系

2015-07-13陈小婷

安徽农业科学 2015年7期

陈小婷

摘要利用美国NOAA卫星观测的逐月平均OLR资料和陕西省96个自动站观测降水资料,对1981~2010年陕西夏季降水变化特征以及陕西夏季降水和太平洋地区地气系统射出长波辐射(OLR)之间的关系进行了分析。结果表明,1981~2010年陕西省夏季平均降水有微弱的减少趋势,但不同区域表现并不一致,陕北降水明显减少,关中、陕南明显增加;陕西夏季降水存在一个7年左右、2年左右的周期,7年左右的周期占主导地位;陕西夏季降水偏多年,同期赤道西太平洋地区OLR正异常明显,对流偏弱,日本岛东南洋面OLR负异常明显,对流较强,前冬与前春赤道太平洋地区OLR呈“西正东负”分布,反之亦然;奇异值分解(SVD)分析表明,太平洋地区OLR与陕西夏季降水之间关系密切。

关键词夏季降水;OLR;小波分析;奇异值分解

中图分类号S161.6文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2015)07-205-04

Characteristics of Summer Precipitation in Shaanxi Province and Its Relationship with OLR over Pacific Ocean

CHEN Xiao-ting

(Shaanxi Meteorological Observatory, Xian, Shaanxi 710014)

AbstractBased on the NOAA OLR (Outing Long wave Radiation) data and Shaanxi rainfall data of 96 stations from 1981 to 2010, the characteristics of summer precipitation in Shaanxi Province and its relationship with OLR over Pacific Ocean were analyzed. Results show that: summer precipitation in Shaanxi Province between 1981-2010 have a moderate decline, but different areas have different performance, in Northern Shaanxi there is significantly reduce, while in the other places its rainfall increased significantly. There is a cycle of 7 a and 2 a in summer precipitation in Shaanxi Province and the period of 7 years dominated. In summer rainy year, the OLR over the Equatorial Western Pacific was higher, implying the convection was weaker, the OLR over southeast Ocean of Japan was lower, implying the convection was stronger, preliminary winter and spring the OLR over Equatorial Pacific have a feature that west was positive east was negative and vice versa. SVD analysis suggests that there is close relationship between the OLR over Pacific and summer rainfall in Shaanxi.

Key wordsSummer precipitation; OLR; Wavelet analysis, SVD (Singular Value Decomposition)

20世纪80年代以来,全球增暖趋势明显,我国北方地区的降水量明显减少、气温升高,干旱化的趋势十分严重。西北地区由于自然和人类活动等原因,一直是生态脆弱区之一,陕西位于西北地区东部,其中陕北和关中大部分地区属于干旱、半干旱地区,干旱、洪涝几乎每年都可发生,水资源利用主要来自于空中降水。近年来,气候变化加剧,影响着该区域的农业生产。7、8月份是陕西的主汛期,期间累积降水占全年降水的55%以上,对旱涝起着重要的作用,因此研究陕西该时段降水的变化特征很有意义。

卫星观测的地气系统射出长波辐射(Outgoing Long wave Radiation,OLR)是指在地球大气顶单位平方米面积上、单位时间内(每秒)地球向外空辐射出去的所有波长的电磁波能量的总和,又称热辐射能量;……

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