气候变暖对博兴县冬小麦主要生育期的影响分析及对策
2015-07-13宋敏韩贵香相峰等
宋敏 韩贵香 相峰等
摘要利用线性分析方法,分析了近50年来山东省博兴县气温的变化特征及气候变暖对冬小麦生育期的影响。结果表明,春、夏、秋、冬季和年平均气温增温率为0.429、0.165、0.361、0.674、0.393 ℃/10a,日平均气温稳定通过0 ℃的初日提前4 d/10a、终日推后2 d/10a,日平均气温稳定通过20 ℃的终日延迟1 d/10a;1987年以来博兴县相继出现17个暖冬;特别是20世纪90年代以来,气温明显升高,1998年为最暖的一年,年平均气温达13.8 ℃。与之相适应的,冬小麦春季各生育期均有不同程度的提早。通过对冬小麦各生育期期间的气温变化分析可见,由于气温偏高,越冬期缩短,但灌浆期变化不大。在此基础上,提出了适应气候变化的冬小麦管理对策。
关键词 气候变暖;冬小麦;生育期;气温变化;影响;管理对策
中图分类号S512文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2015)07-203-02
Analysis and Countermeasures of Influence of Climate Warming on the Main Growing Period of Winter Wheat in Boxing County
SONG Min, HAN Gui-xiang, XIANG Feng et al
(Meteorological Bureau of Boxing County, Boxing, Shandong 256500)
AbstractBy the method of linear analysis, the change characteristics of temperature in recent 50 years in Boxing County of Shandong Province were analyzed, as well as the impact of climate warming on winter wheat growth period. The results showed that: spring, summer, autumn, winter and annual average air temperature warming rate for 0.429, 0.165, 0.361, 0.674, 0.393 ℃/10a, the average daily temperature stability through 0 DEG C early day 5 days ahead of /10 years, all pushing 2 days after /10 years, the average daily temperature stability through 20 DEG C. day extension of 2 days /10 years; since 1987, 17 warm winters appeared in Boxing County. Especially since 1980s, the temperature increased significantly, 1998 was the warmest year, the annual average temperature of 13.8 DEG C. To adapt with the early spring, the growth stage of winter wheat advanced in different degree. The temperature changes during different growth period of winter wheat analysis shows that, due to high temperature, overwintering period shorten, but little change in grain filling stage. On the basis of this, winter wheat management strategies to adapt to climate change were put forward.
Key words Climate warming; Winter wheat; Growth period; Temperature variation; Influence; Management countermeasures
近百年来全球和我国的气候正经历1次以变暖为主要特征的显著变化,它对世界和我国的生态系统及社会经济产生了并将持续产生重大影响[1]。目前的研究多集中在作物种植区域界限的变化和物候对气候变暖的响应等方面,且取得了很多研究成果[2-7],对冬小麦生育期受气候变暖影响的研究相对来说较少。笔者通过分析博兴县近50年来气温变化特征及气候变暖对冬小麦生育期的影响,在此基础上提出一些适应气候变暖条件下冬小麦栽培管理方面的应对措施。
1 资料与方法
1961~2010年气象资料来源于山东省博兴县气象局,历年来的冬小麦平均发育期来源于山东省博兴县农业局农技站,冬季资料为1962~2010年。……
