艾吉尔?阿不拉 王文月 李丕军

摘要[目的]研究新疆绿洲人工防护林体系特征。[方法]通过对比新疆维吾尔自治区森林资源连续清查（第2～8次）成果数据，对新疆干旱绿洲人工防护林林种、栽植面积、蓄积、龄组等特征进行分析。[结果]2011年人工防护林面积是1992年的2.2倍，蓄积是1992年的4.0倍；人工防护林龄组面积变化特征为初期以幼龄林为主，变化为以中、幼龄林为主，近、成熟林为辅的模式。人工防护林树种选择上由乔木、灌木、经济林树种逐渐转变为以乔木树种为主；人工防护林树种配置上由乔灌混交林逐渐过渡到以人工乔木为主的模式；人工防护林占农田面积由1992年的4.0%～5.0%提高到2011年的8.9%，防护效果显著。[结论]为新疆干旱绿洲人工防护林体系近年来的发展变化提供数据支撑。

关键词新疆；绿洲防护林体系；树种选择；配置模式

中图分类号S759.2文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611（2015）07-164-03

Analysis on Characteristics of Xinjiang Oasis Artificial Shelter Forest System

AIJIER·Abula， WANG Wen-yue，LI Pi-jun*

（Academy of Forestry Science of Xinjiang， Urumqi， Xinjiang 830002）

Abstract[Objective] The characteristics of Xinjiang oasis artificial shelter forest system were studied. [Method] By comparing the investigation data， the artificial forest planting area， volume， age group and other features were studied to provide data support for evolving artificial oasis shelter forest system in arid Xinjiang in recent years. [Result] In 2011 the artificial shelter forest area was 2.2 times that of 1992， volume was 4.0 times in 1992. Changes artificial shelter forest area was characterized by age group like that early in young forest， and later changes in to the young forest， near， mature-aged forest ， supplemented by model. Tree species selection was gradually transformed into the main arbor species.Artificial farmland shelterbelts account increased from 4.0%-5.0% in 1992 to 8.9% in 2011， which has a significant protective effect. [Conclusion] The study provides data support for evolving artificial oasis shelter forest system.

Key words Xinjiang；Oasis shelter forest system； Tree species selection； Allocation model

新疆的绿洲依水系呈条块状分布于盆地四周，大多与沙漠相邻或处于沙漠、戈壁包围之中，仅占总面积的3.53%[1]。被沙漠包围着的绿洲生态环境极为脆弱，随时都有被沙丘吞并的危险。新疆防护林体系的建设就是要在干旱脆弱的生态背景下，在绿洲外围建设一定规模和结构的乔灌草有机结合的外部防护林，并在中小尺度上改造下垫面气候特征，在绿洲内部建设一定规模和结构的乔木内部防护林，以保障农业和社会经济的发展[2]。目前，对防护林的研究多集中在防护林结构与效益、农田防护林的特殊重要性等方面[3-7]。……