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云南元江那诺哈尼梯田文化景观的保护与可持续发展模式探究

2015-07-13段漳波张翠萍李淑英等

安徽农业科学 2015年7期

段漳波 张翠萍 李淑英等

摘要云南元江那诺哈尼梯田作为世界梯田文化景观的一部分,具有良好的生态效益、经济效益和社会效益,但梯田区面临着缺水现象严重、梯田面积逐年减少、保护和开发缺乏统一规划等问题。为实现元江那诺哈尼梯田的可持续发展,提出了如下发展模式:扩大梯田保护区的面积,发展生态农业,保护为稻作农业提供水资源保障的森林生态系统;统筹规划,发展哈尼梯田生态旅游业的同时建立补偿机制,实现梯田保护和当地经济社会的协调发展;最后,建立和完善哈尼梯田的保护法规,并加大哈尼梯田的研究力度,为哈尼梯田的保护提供法律依据和理论支撑。

关键词哈尼梯田;文化景观;生态农业;生态旅游;那诺;半结构访谈法;田野调查法

中图分类号S181.4文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2015)07-130-03

Study on the Conservation Status and Sustainable Development Model for the Cultural Landscape of Hani Terraced Fields in Nanuo, Yuanjiang County, China

DUAN Zhang-bo1, ZHANG Cui-ping2, LI Shu-ying2, ZHOU Yuan-qing2*

(1. Environmental Monitoring Station in Yuanjiang County, Yuanjiang, Yunnan 653300; 2. Research Center for Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, Yunnan 653100)

AbstractHani terraced fields as a part of the world cultural landscape in Nanuo of Yuanjiang, Yunnan Province, have good ecological, economic and social benefits, but these terrace areas are facing serious water shortages, reducing year by year, protection and development issues such as lack of unified planning. To achieve sustainable development of Hani terraced fields in Nanuo of Yuanjiang, the following development models were proposed: expanding terraces protected areas, developing ecological agriculture, protecting forest ecosystem; Overall planning, developing ecotourism of Hani terraced fields, meanwhile, establishing compensation mechanisms to achieve coordinated development of terraced protection and local economic and social development; Finally, establishing and perfecting protection regulations, increasing research efforts, providing the legal basis and theoretical support for the protection of Hani terraced fields.

Key wordsHani terraced fields; Cultural landscape; Ecological agriculture; Ecological tourism; Nanuo; Semi structure interview; Field survey

云南独特的自然地理环境造就了25个少数民族独特的民族文化。其中人口排名第三的哈尼族为了满足自身对粮食等生产生活用品的需要,充分利用云南南部亚热带山地优越的自然条件,发挥自身的生存智慧将集山、林、村、水、田为一体的多向度空间与人类生产生活进行理性安排[1],对具有一定坡度的山地综合利用而形成了哈尼梯田文化景观[2]。

元江那诺哈尼梯田是云南哈尼梯田的有机组成部分,是那诺乡哈尼族和其他各民族智慧的结晶,是哈尼文化的象征和代表。2012年1月被列为第七批省级文物保护单位,2013年6月22日,云南元阳哈尼梯田入选世界自然遗产名录之后[3],元江哈尼梯田也成为其中不可或缺的一部分[4]。……

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