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几类常见植物对重金属镉污染土壤的修复作用研究

2015-07-13高思雯

安徽农业科学 2015年7期

摘要针对土壤中重金属Cd污染的治理开展研究,采用植物修复方法,分析了一串红、皱叶狗尾草、牛筋草3种典型植物在不同的种植方式下对重金属Cd污染土壤的修复能力。研究表明,3种植株对土壤中Cd的修复能力具有独立性,单植株种植方式对土壤中Cd的修复作用优于组合种植,3类植物中皱叶狗尾草的修复效果最佳;在单株种植造成植物疯长的情况下,适宜采用组合种植方式,组合种植时应将修复能力强的植株分散种植,以增强修复效果。

关键词土壤;重金属污染;镉;植物修复

中图分类号S181.3文献标识码

A文章编号0517-6611(2015)07-091-03

Research on Phytoremediation by Common Plants to Soils Contaminated by Heavy Mental Cadmium

GAO Si-wen(College of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124)

AbstractThis research focused on the phytoremediation of heavy metal pollution (cadmium) in the soil. The experiment was carried out to analyze the capability of soil restoring by three kinds of common plants (Salvia splendens, Setaria plicata and goosegrass) in different planting ways. The results showed that the soil restoring capability of Setaria plicata was the best among three plants, while the singlespecies planting way was also better than the other ones. On the other side, multi-species planting way should be adopted on the condition of excessive growth caused by single species plant. Moreover, the plants with higher soil restoring capability should be planted dispersedly in order to enhance the restoring capability.

Key words Soil; Heavy metal pollution; Cadmium; Phytoremediation

自古以来,土壤作为人类的衣食之源和生存之本被广泛地开发与利用。工业革命初期“大量生产、大量消费与大量废弃”的粗放型工业路线使得土壤重金属污染问题逐渐显现。直至21世纪的今天,土壤污染已成为影响生态环境与人类健康的重大难题。有关部门的统计结果显示,我国受到重金属汞、镉污染的土壤已经超过4万hm2,每年生产的大米仅镉污染造成的就达500万t以上,因重金属污染而损失的粮食超过1 200万t,严重影响我国的粮食生产和食品安全[1]。重金属对环境与人类的危害主要体现在以下3个方面。①对农作物的影响。土壤中过量的重金属会引起植物生理功能紊乱、营养失调,重金属污染物在土壤中移动性较小,不易随水淋滤,不为微生物降解,而且在经过食物链进入人体后,潜在危害极大。②对动物的影响。某些重金属(如镉、汞等)即使在土壤中含量超标,也不会影响植物的生长、发育和产量,但金属元素在植物体内堆积,并且通过食物链层层传递,最终会对处于食物链上层的动物物种造成危害。……

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