张福韬　乔云发

摘要土壤有机质结构与其稳定性密切相关，可调控土壤有机质的含量和性质，对于农业生产管理和环境保护具有重要意义。由于其复杂性，至今对土壤有机质结构、变化规律的认识还不是很清楚。现已证明光谱技术是阐明物质结构的较好方法。近年来，红外光谱和核磁共振技术被广泛应用于土壤有机质结构的研究。本文通过收集阅读相关文献报道，总结了红外光谱分析和核磁共振技术应用于研究土壤有机质结构研究的现状，以期相关领域的研究者能通过综述快速了解这两种方法在研究土壤有机质结构方面的情况，进一步促进土壤有机质结构的研究。

关键词红外光谱分析；13C-核磁共振分析；土壤有机质结构；官能团；元素

中图分类号S153.6+2文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611（2015）07-081-04

Application of Infrared Spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in Soil Organic Matter Structure Research

ZHANG Fu-tao1，2， QIAO Yun-fa2*

（1. Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology， Chinese Academy of Science， Harbin， Heilongjiang 150081； 2. Graduate School， Chinese Academy of Science， Beijing 100049）

AbstractThe structure of soil organic matter is closely related to its stability， which can regulate the content and nature of soil organic matter. Thus it has great significance to agriculture management and environment protection. Up to now， it is not clear in understanding the structure of soil organic matter due to its complexity. It has been proved that spectroscopy is a optimal skill to clarify material structure. Infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance are widely applied in structure research of soil organic matter in recent years. This review concludes research status in soil organic matter structure by the two methods through reading relative literatures. The aim is to make researchers in relative field understand the research status， which could promote structure research of soil organic matter in the future.

Key wordsInfrared spectroscopy analysis； Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis； Soil organic matter structure； Functional groups； Elements

土壤有机质在维持土壤微生物、动植物正常生命活动，保持土壤肥力和缓冲性，调节环境气候方面具有重要意义[1]，而研究土壤有机质的关键在于深入了解和认识其的结构。采用化学方法、热解质谱法、同位素示踪法、固态碳13核磁共振分析法（13C-NMR）和傅里叶红外光谱分析法（FTIR）[1-2]，可以研究土壤有机质结构。传统的化学方法需先提取土壤有机质并且进行前处理，这会对其原结构产生影响[3]，而且成本高，耗费时间，在分析过程中用到的危险化学品降低了研究者的安全系数[4]。近红外光谱和核磁共振技术在研究土壤有机质结构方面具有独特的优势。通过搜集……