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嘉纳治五郎对柔道教育化改造的关键思路及启示

2015-05-27王晓晨等

山东体育学院学报 2015年2期

王晓晨等

摘要:日本武技的教育化改造是其近现代转型的主要方向之一,嘉纳治五郎对柔道的教育化改造是一个成功典型。梳理发现:嘉纳对柔术技术体系基于教育目的的体育化;传统规训手段的具体化;柔道哲学理念的社会化;学习激励措施的科学化是其对柔道教育化成功改造的关键思路,思路的实施让柔道成为了教育性十足的教育手段。基于启示,认为武术的体育化以及学校武术的内容构建上存在教育性不足;事关礼仪和道德培养的武术传统规训手段亟待重构;武术教育激励措施的制定与实施要考虑到文化哲学的强大张力;挖掘与光大武术思想为武术教育的开展营造良好的社会认同,以期为学校武术教育体系的重构提供借鉴。

关键词:嘉纳治五郎;柔道;教育化改造

中图分类号:853文献标识码:A文章编号:1006-2076(2015)02-0107-07

Abstract:The educational transformation of Japanese martial arts is one of the main directions in modern transformation, and Jigoro Kano's educational transformation of judo is a successful example It is concluded that Kano's judo technological system is based on the physicalization of educational aim, the materialization of traditional discipline method, the socialization of judo' philosophical idea; the scientification of study stimulus methods is the key road to success of educational transformation in judo, the implementation of which will make judo the most educational method In view of this, it is believed that there are deficiencies in the physicalization of martial arts and the establishment of martial arts contents at school; manners and moral development of traditional martial arts discipline need to be reestablished; development and implementation of incentive system of martial arts education should take account of the strong force of cultural philosophy; exploiting and carrying forward martial arts thought are about to create good social identity for carrying out martial arts education, which is used as reference for the reformation of school martial arts educational system

Key words:Jigoro Kano; judo; educational transformation

基金项目:[国家社科基金项目(项目编号:14BTY071),玉林师范学院重点项目(项目编号:2014YJZD06),玉林师范学院教改项目(项目编号:15XJJG38)。

作者简介:[王晓晨(1980-),男,河南周口人,在读博士研究生,副教授,研究方向民族传统体育学。

作者单位:[1玉林师范学院体育学院,广西 玉林537000;2上海体育学院武术学院,上海200438;3山东师范大学体育学院,山东 济南250014

1 School of Physical Education, Yulin Normal College, Yulin 537000, Guangxi, China; 2 School of Wushu, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; 3 School of Physical Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China

嘉纳治五郎(1860-1938),凭其学贯东西的家庭教育、东京大学的精英教育、12次的国外成功考察与交流的阅历而成为日本当时具有开阔视野的优秀知识人;凭其柔道的创始人与缔造者、国际奥委会委员的身份而成为日本近代体育之父;……

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