碳排放约束视角下的全要素能源效率及影响因素研究
2015-04-20李强等
李强等



摘要:基于1993~2011年我国29个省(市、区)的省级面板数据,对我国各省域的全要素能源效率进行测度,发现我国不同地区的能源效率存在较大差异,东部地区全要素能源效率最高、中部地区次之、西部地区能源效率最低。全要素能源效率影响因素的实证检验结果表明:产业结构和经济规模对能源效率具有显著的促进作用;随着我国经济的快速发展、第三产业比重的提高,我国能源效率将趋于下降;对外开放和交通基础设施对能源效率影响为负,“污染天堂假说”得到验证;资源禀赋对能源效率影响为负,但不显著,“资源越丰裕地区能源效率越低”命题并不稳健。
关键词:碳排放;全要素能源效率;Malmquist指数
DOI:10.13956/j.ss.1001-8409.2015.04.16
中图分类号:F205 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1001-8409(2015)04-0071-04
Research on Total Factor Energy Efficiency and Its
Influencing Factors under Carbon Emission Constraints Perspective
LI Qiang1,2,WEI Wei2
(1.School of Economics and Management, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189;
2.School of Business Administration, Anhui University of Finance and Economics,Bengbu 233030)
Abstract:The paper measures the total factor energy efficiency based on Chinese provincial panel data of 29 provinces (city, area) from 1993 to 2011 using DEA model. Result shows that: there is great difference in different parts of the energy efficiency in China, the total factor energy efficiency of eastern region is highest, the second is the central region, the last is the western region. The empirical results of the total factor energy efficiency influencing factors show that: industrial structure and the size of the economy plays a significant role in promoting energy efficiency, it also means that with the rapid development of economy in our country, the higher the proportion of the tertiary industry, the energy efficiency in China will decline; Open to the outside world and transportation infrastructure have a negative influence on energy efficiency, it verifies “the hypothesis of pollution haven”; resources endowment effect on energy efficiency is negative, but not significant, “the more resource abundance lower regional energy efficiency” proposition is not steady.
Key words:carbon emissions; total factor energy efficiency; Malmquist index
1引言
改革开放以来,我国经济发展迅速,年均经济增长率近10%,但能源短缺和能源利用效率不高是制约我国经济快速发展的重要因素。数据显示,2011年我国已成为全球第一大能源消费国、第一大煤炭消费国和第二大石油消费国[1],随着我国经济发展对能源需求的不断增加,能源资源供需矛盾日益突出,能源利用效率不高和能源消费结构不合理是我国当前能源消费中遇到的突出难题。在2009年11月召开的哥本哈根全球气候峰会上,中国政府承诺到2020年实现单位GDP二氧化碳排放比2005 年下降40%~45%的减排目标。因此,我国的能源消费面临着满足经济增长和降低能耗的双重压力,提高能源利用效率迫在眉睫。
国内外学者对能源利用效率及其影响因素做了大量研究,现有文献的研究结果表明我国能源利用效率总体偏低但处于持续稳定上升的趋势。……