研发的内外溢出效应与区域创新增长
2015-04-20王鹏张剑波
王鹏+张剑波



摘要:以2001~2012年我国30个省、市和自治区的面板数据为基础,考察了基础研究、应用研究和试验发展三类研发活动及其内外溢出效应同区域创新产出之间的关系。研究结果显示:基础研究抑制了研发内外活动对区域创新产出增长的影响;应用研究能直接推动创新产出增长,但却降低了其他两类研发活动对区域创新产出的贡献,也未能较好地利用研发外部的创新影响因素;试验发展较好地推动我国现阶段的区域创新,能直接促进区域创新产出,也能提升其他两类研发活动对区域创新增长的边际贡献,但未能提升外部创新因素的影响。
关键词:研发投入;研发类型;内外溢出效应;区域创新增长
DOI:10.13956/j.ss.1001-8409.2015.04.06
中图分类号:F0147;F0615 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1001-8409(2015)04-0025-04
The Internal and External Spillover Effects of R&D Activities and Regional Innovation Growth
——Based on the Empirical Analysis of Provincial Panel Data of China from 2001 to 2012
WANG Peng,ZHANG Jianbo
(College of Economics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632
)
Abstract:Based on the panel data of 30 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China from 2001 to 2012, this paper examines three types of R&D activities, namely basic research, applied research and experimental development, and the relationships between their internal and external spillover effects and regional innovation growth. The empirical results show that, basic research could restrain innovative elements within or beyond R&D activities from pushing regional innovation growth. Although applied research directly promotes regional innovation growth, it developes the negative effect on the contribution of other types of R&D activities to innovation growth and shows no signs of pushing other innovative factors outside R&D. On the contrary, experimental research does well in pushing forward the regional innovation growth in China: for one, it immediately brings about innovation output, for another, it elevates the marginal contribution of other two types R&D activities to regional innovation growth, yet failes to promote the contribution of external factors.
Key words:R&D input; R&D types; internal and external spillover effects; regional innovation growth
研发活动可以分为基础研究、应用研究和试验发展三类,不同的研发活动由于研究目的和方法不同,对于创新活动有着不同的作用方式。本文利用2001~2012年我国30个省、市和自治区的面板数据,考察不同类型的研发活动及其内外溢出效应对区域创新产出增长的影响,提出改善区域研发活动、合理利用研发溢出效应的政策和建议。
1文献综述
长期以来,研发活动与技术创新、生产率增长和经济发展的关系,以及研发活动溢出效应的作用机制等一直受到各方的关注。如Audretsch和Feldman发现,以研发活动、大学研究和技术劳动力为特征的行业往往更容易产生创新活动的空间集聚[1]。Shefer和Frenkel认为大规模企业往往会增加对内部研发和外包研发活动的投入,并且积极雇佣能够解决复杂技术难题的优秀工人[2]。……