边界层辐合线触发锦州短时大暴雨分析
2014-09-22白雪等
白雪等
摘 要:利用加密自动站资料﹑常规观测资料及多普勒雷达资料等,对2012年7月22日锦州东部地区短时大暴雨过程进行了天气尺度和中尺度诊断分析。分析发现锦州东部地区边界层中尺度辐合线的生成和发展, 是其降水强度明显增幅的主要原因,是短时暴雨到大暴雨产生的启动机制。边界层辐合线造成水平场上的强烈风场辐合,增加该地区水汽和能量积聚,并触发该地区强烈的上升运动。另外,通过对雷达基本反射率因子图和径向速度图的分析,发现强回波区和逆风区的存在与强降水有着较好的相关,且逆风区提前于强降水出现,对短时临近强降水落区预报有很好的指示意义。
关键词:短时暴雨;边界层辐合线;逆风区
中图分类号 P458 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-7731(2014)17-150-04
Abstract:Based on the conventionally observational data,meteorological data from automatic weather stations and Doppler radar data and so on,a short rainstorm event on July 22,2012 in The eastern part of Jinzhou was analyzed.The results show that the formation and development of The mesoscale convergence line is The main reason of increase in precipitation intensity, as well as the trigger mechanism for the Short-time Rainstorm on The eastern part of Jinzhou .Furthermore,the heavy rain storm occurres near the center of mesoscale low pressure and accompanies with them.The boundary layer convergence line increase the strong wind Convergence and accumulation about moisture and energy. In addition, through the analysis of the radar base reflectivity and radial velocity map,The results show that The heavy rain area has a better corresponding relationship with the adverse wind area and strong radar echo area. in addition the adverse wind area appears ahead of the strong precipitation, so the adverse wind area is of indicative for prediction and warning of severe convective weather.
Key words:Short-time heavy rain;ABL convergence line;Adverse wind area
短时暴雨是由较高的降水率持续相对较长时间造成的,目前一般将25mm/h和1h定为较高降水率和较长持续时间的下限。短时暴雨具有降水时间短、雨强大、局地性强的特点,易导致城市内涝、农田渍涝和山区地质灾害,为此,短时暴雨的预报服务已成为各级气象部门对政府及公众服务的一个重点。一些研究表明,暴雨是一种中尺度现象,是几种不同尺度天气系统相互作用的结果,其发生发展受到大尺度环境条件的制约,而本身强度和出现的地点又与中尺度扰动有十分密切的关系,暴雨出现后反过来又影响大尺度气象要素的分布。吴起平等[1]对大连地区短时暴雨进行分析,发现天气雷达探测到的混合性降水“中-β尺度回波是造成短时暴雨的直接原因;……
