无人机编队飞行面临问题及关键技术研究
2014-08-20潘华毛海涛
潘华+毛海涛
摘 要: 随着无人机任务的复杂性增加,无人机编队飞行成为无人机发展的新方向。为了研究无人机由于编队带来的新问题,分析在单架无人机执行任务时所遇到的问题及无人机编队飞行的必要性,并在分析无人机编队飞行的特点基础上,阐述编队飞行过程中所需解决的问题。通过查阅近几年国内外对于无人机编队的问题研究,总结整理出无人机编队主要面临的队形保持中控制器设计、防撞避障及航迹规划中路径优化等问题。针对各个问题,对编队飞行过程中的关键技术进行探讨和分析。
关键词: 无人机; 编队飞行; 控制器设计; 关键技术
中图分类号: TN911?34 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1004?373X(2014)16?0077?03
Study on problems facing with UAV formation flight and its key technology
PAN Hua, MAO Hai?tao
(Unit 92728 of PLA, Shanghai, 200436, China)
Abstract:With the increase of the mission complexity of UAV, UAV formation flight has become the new trend of UAV development. To study the new problems brought about by UAV formation flight, the problems encountered in mission of single UAV and the necessity of UAV formation flight are analyzed. The problems needing to solve in process of formation flight are expounded based on the analysis of UAV formation flight features. By consulting the research achievements of UAV formation flight at home and aboard in recent years, the main problems, such as controller design for formation keeping, collision avoidance and path optimization in route planning that UAV formation flight encounters are summarized. The key technology in process of UAV formation flight is discussed and analyzed.
Keywords: UAV; formation flight; controller design; key technology
0 引 言
近些年来,无人机由于本身具有尺寸小、重量轻、适应性强、隐蔽性高及危险性系数低等点被广泛应用于军事和民事领域。在军事领域,无人机作为靶机、侦察机和战斗机等,可以执行侦查监视、骗敌诱饵、实施干扰、对地攻击、校射及通信中继等。在民事领域,无人机可以用于监测环境、监测气象、勘探资源、森林防火及人工降雨等。
随着科技的发展,无人机完成任务的复杂度日益增加,而单架无人机执行任务的缺陷也日益突出。主要有:
(1) 侦查范围有限,不能执行大面积侦查行动;
(2) 出现故障时必须中断维修,在战争中很可能失去有利机会;
(3) 作为战斗机时,破坏能力有限,执行任务的成功率受到影响。
而对无人机进行编队飞行,能够很好地解决以上的问题。……
