变革期的政党制度化与国家治理体系变迁
2014-08-18陈鹏
陈鹏
摘 要: 政治发展和民主转型是政党制度化研究的主流范式。两种范式及其研究路径都无视政党制度化在国家治理体系变迁中的意义。国家治理视角下的政党制度化研究,旨在寻求政党研究在比较政治学中的“回归”。变革期中国共产党的领导体制制度化过程表明:政党制度化是解释中国国家治理体系变迁动力、路径和走向的关键变量。中国共产党通过领导体制的法制化、组织和价值基础的双重理性化和政策治理网络的优化,实现了中国国家治理体系渐进性的变迁。
关键词: 变革期; 政党制度化; 国家治理
中图分类号: D034 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1673-9973(2014)02-0051-03
Party Institutionalization and Country
Governance System Change in Transition Period
——Analysis of China Communist Party System Institutionalization during Reform and Open Period
CHEN Peng
(School of Government of Peking University, Beijing 100871, China)
Abstract: Political development and democracy transition were the mainstream paradigm of political Party institutionalization. These paradigms and their approaches neglect the importance of Party in the policy process and country governance. The research of Party institutionalization from the perspective of country governance attaches its importance in the country construction, policy process and governance network. It focuses on the casual mechanism between Party institutionalization and country governance in order to explore the revival of Party research in the comparative politics. The paper points that the institutionalization of China Communist Party is the key variable of dynamics and path .With the improvement of institutionalization level of China communist Party, it improves the capability of country governance and renews the mechanism to achieve the goal of the progressive change of .Although the gigantic transition pressure of China, and China Communist Party can provide the value and system dual support for the development of country governance system.
Key words: transition; Party institutionalization; country governance
一、政党制度化与国家治理:过去和现在
(一)政党制度化研究的两种范式与“去政党化”
政党政治是近现代政治发展和政治文明的标志。政党及其基层组织,以其复杂的组织网络和广泛的纲领宣传,吸纳不同阶层的精英,最终提高了国家政权的合法性,扩大了国家政权的社会基础。因此,政党成为国家和社会连接的重要纽带。[1]无论是政治发展,还是民主转型,政治体系最终还需面对以政策过程为轴心的国家治理问题。
过去,政党的重要性是借助政治发展和转型的话语来体现的。这些研究范式因其聚焦的问题和研究的方法工具所限,无法直接回应政党与国家治理间的关系。如政治发展范式关注的是政治体系的世俗化与功能完善的问题,主流的研究路径为结构—功能主义。[2]该派研究者首先会分析特定政治体系的社会背景,着眼利益分化对政治体系结构分化造成的影响。……
