张占军

摘 要 以白皮黄瓜特选白叶三为试材，研究EM生物菌剂处理的有机肥对大棚黄瓜产量和品质的影响。结果表明：在不施用化学肥料的条件下，微生物菌剂处理的有机肥能明显提高黄瓜的产量和品质。EM生物菌剂处理猪粪肥料栽培黄瓜的增产效果最显著，营养品质和安全品质最好，与普通农家肥相比较，增产38.18%；同时黄瓜的Vc、可溶性糖的含量也明显提高，而硝酸盐含量有所降低，整体上提高了黄瓜的食用品质和安全品质。

关键词 生物菌剂 ；有机肥 ；大棚黄瓜 ；产量 ；品质

分类号 Q819

Effect of Different Organic Fertilizers on the Yield and the Quality

of Greenhouse White Cucumber

ZHANG Zhanjun

（College of Agriculture and Forestry， Longdong University， Qingyang， Gansu 745000）

Abstract The effects of white cucumber yield and quality with organic fertilizer treated by EM biological agents planted in greenhouse were studied. The results showed that the organic fertilizer treated by EM biological agents could enhanced the yield and quality of white cucumber significantly without chemical fertilizer， and the pig manure treated by EM biological agents was the best， it could increased the production by 38.18%，at the same time，the content of vitamin C and soluble sugar in white cucumber were increased significantly， while the nitrate content was decreased. So the eating quality and safety quality were improved by using organic fertilizer treated by EM biological agents.

Keywords biological agents ； organic fertilizer ； greenhouse cucumber ； production ； quality

白皮黄瓜营养丰富，果皮乳白色或白黄色，果实表面瘤刺稀疏，瓜条直，腔小肉厚，可食率高，肉质清香脆嫩，能有效促进机体新陈代谢和血液循环，具有润肤美容、清热解毒、生津止渴等功效。目前大量施用化肥、农药已成为制约无公害栽培发展的瓶颈。中国是世界上化肥使用量最多的国家之一，单位面积化肥用量远远高于世界平均水平。化肥的大量使用虽在一定程度上提高了农作物产量，但随着化肥施用量的不断增加，出现了土壤结构被破坏、有机质含量下降、江河湖泊等水体的富营养化、农产品质量下降等系列严重的生态环境问题[1]。作物过量吸收硝酸盐可导致其在体内积累，最终造成产品硝酸盐含量过高。氮素化肥施用于菜田会明显提高蔬菜中硝酸盐含量[2]。EM生物菌剂（EM：Effective Microorganisms，即有效微生物群），是日本琉球大学比嘉昭夫教授于20世纪80年代初研制出的一种新型复合微生物菌剂，由光合菌、乳酸菌、酵母菌、放线菌群、醋酸杆菌等5个科10个属80多种厌氧性或嫌氧性微生物组成的复合菌剂，不含任何化学有害物质，无毒副作用，不污染环境。……