浙江莲都枇杷优质高效栽培技术集成
2014-08-12陈锦翠
陈锦翠
摘 要 经过三年多的研究实践,集成创新了浙江省莲都枇杷优质高效栽培技术。其技术体系包括:注重层形,强化修剪;果园生草,以园养园;增施有机肥,重施壮果肥;以树定产,以枝定果,实行果实套袋;多措并举,预防冻害;综合防治病虫害;分批采摘,分级包装。该项技术体系的推广促进了莲都区枇杷产业的发展。
关键词 枇杷 ;优质高效 ;技术集成 ;浙江莲都
分类号 S667.3
Integration of High Quality and Effective Cultivation Techniques for Loquat in Liandu Area of Zhejiang
CHEN Jincui
(Urban Area Agricultural Techniques Service Central Station of Liandu District
in Zhejiang Province, Liandu, Zhejiang 323000, China)
Abstract Through the investigation and the practice of over three years, we integrated the high quality and effective cultivation technology on loquat in Liandu area of Zhejiang. The main techniques are as follows: laying emphasis on the storey form and strengthening pruning; growing grass in the orchard and making the orchard support itself; applying much more organic fertilizer and heavily applying fruit-expanding fertilizer; determining its yield basing on each tree growth vigour and determining fruit weight basing on each branch growth vigour, bagging the fruits; adopting diverse measures to prevent freeze injury; integrated managing pests and diseases; plucking fruits in batches and packing on grade. The technological system promoted the loquat industry in Liandu.
Keywords loquat ; high quality and effective cultivation ; technique integration ; Liandu of Zhejiang
浙江省丽水市的白枇杷果品甜润、风味独特,深受市场青睐。自2010年起,丽水市莲都区将白枇杷作为潜力产业培育,出台了多项扶持措施。为确保莲都白枇杷产业持续稳定发展,探索提升莲都枇杷优质高效栽培适用技术,我们承接了丽水市丰收计划“莲都区枇杷产业提升集成技术示范与推广”项目,经过三年来的研究和总结,形成了一套以高品质枇杷果品为生产目标的集成技术体系。
1 注重层形,强化修剪
枇杷自然生长干性强,层性明显,当地果农以往传统栽培方式都采用变则主干形,多层次的杯状形,为便于进行疏果套袋等栽培措施,宜采用矮化分层形。高密度的栽培,要采取间伐或移栽方法减少密度,定植树要强化开心型修剪措施的落实,减少层次。一般主干高40~60 cm,留3~4层,层间距60~80 cm,第一、二层均匀分布3~4个主枝,第三、四层各2个主枝,各主枝有侧主枝2~3个,树冠高度控制在2.5 m以内。修剪在10月份结合疏花进行,亦可结合疏果和采收后进行夏季修剪,夏剪最好在采果后立即进行,8月底以前修剪完毕,使枇杷能在8月下旬至9月初抽发出整齐健壮的夏梢并尽早分化花芽[1]。……
