秦宇轩 李晶 朱宝利 律娜 辛建桥 金禄懿

摘 要：采用选择性培养基初步筛选，结合16S rRNA同源性分析的方法，对北京市农贸市场及超市中所销售的生鲜猪、牛肉中含有的有害细菌的分布情况进行考察。对分离得到的细菌针对7种常见抗生素进行耐药表型检测。同时，利用特异性PCR扩增法检测了2个常见红霉素耐药基因和7个常见四环素耐药基因在分离细菌中的分布情况。结果表明：市场中购买的生鲜肉中分离得到的细菌耐药情况较之超市中的更为严重；猪肉和牛肉中分离的细菌耐药情况均十分严重；分离得到的不同细菌中包含某些条件致病菌的Escherichia/Shigella以及Aeromonas属细菌耐药情况更加严重。同时，研究还发现在北京市售鲜肉中分离得到的细菌中，绝大多数细菌对不止1种抗生素表现出非敏感（耐药及中介），且一些菌株携带多种不同的耐药基因。因此，市售生鲜肉中分离得到的细菌耐药情况较为严重以及普遍，应得到监管部门以及普通消费者的足够重视。

关键词：生鲜肉；致病菌；鉴定；耐药表型；耐药基因

Identification and Drug Resistance Analysis of Pathogens in Retail Pork and Beef from Beijing

QIN Yu-xuan1, LI Jing2, ZHU Bao-li2, LÜ Na2,*, XIN Jian-qiao3, JIN Lu-yi4,

(1. College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;

2. Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;

3. Beijing No.80 High School, Beijing 100020, China;

4. School of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China)

Abstract: Distribution of pathogens in retail pork and beef from Beijing supermarkets and markets were investigated by selective culture and 16S rRNA sequencing. The antibiotic resistant phenotypes of all the isolates were detected, including 7 common antibiotics. Meanwhile, two common erythromycin resistance genes and seven common tetracycline genes were detected among all the isolates. The results showed that the drug resistance of bacteria isolated from meat samples collected from markets was more serious; both the isolates from pork and beef showed serious drug resistance; among all the isolated bacteria, Escherichia/Shigella and Aeromonas genus, which contained some opportunistic pathogen species, showed the most serious drug resistance. Meanwhile, we also found that the majority of the isolates were non-susceptible (resistant and intermediate) to several kinds of antibiotic, and some of the isolates carried more than one antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The above evidence showed that drug resistance was common and serious among bacteria isolated from commercial meats. Both regulators and consumers should pay more attention to it.

Key words: meats; pathogen; identification; antibiotic resistance phenotype; antibiotic resistance gene

中图分类号：TS207.4 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1001-8123（2014）02-0016-06

近年来随着我国国民生活水平的日益提高，广大消费者对生鲜肉类，尤其是生鲜猪、牛肉的需求也随之增加。目前，我国已经成为世界养猪大国，生猪出栏量、猪肉产量均位居世界第一[1]，牛肉的消费量也十分巨大。与此同时，由于食用猪、牛肉及其相关制品所导致的食物中毒以及传染病的发病率也呈现出逐年上升的趋势。……