我国常见家畜胴体分割及分级技术发展
2014-04-29刘森轩崔昱清王复龙崔保威李君珂张雅玮惠腾郭秀云
刘森轩 崔昱清 王复龙 崔保威 李君珂 张雅玮 惠腾 郭秀云
摘 要:牛、猪、羊为我国主要家畜品种。改革开放以来,我国牛、猪、羊胴体分割、分级技术水平有了一定的提升,关于家畜胴体分割、分级技术的发展过程及其标准的研究不断完善。本文概述了我国牛、猪、羊胴体分割、分级技术相关标准规定,阐述了常见家畜胴体分割、分级技术的发展历程,并对胴体分割、分级技术存在的问题提出意见,旨在为我国家畜屠宰企业进行牛肉、猪肉和羊肉分割、分级提供参考,促进肉质提高及分割肉的增值,推动我国畜肉产业健康、持续、稳定、快速发展。
关键词:牛肉;猪肉;羊肉;分割;分级
Technical Evolution of Carcass Cutting and Grading for Common Livestock Species in China
LIU Sen-xuan, CUI Yu-qing, WANG Fu-long, CUI Bao-wei, LI Jun-ke, ZHANG Ya-wei, HUI Teng, GUO Xiu-yun
(Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology,
Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China)
Abstract: Cattle, pigs and goats are the main livestock species in China. Since the implementation of reform and opening-up policy, technical progress has been made in carcass cutting and grading of cattle, pigs and goats, and knowledge of the technical evolution of livestock carcass cutting and grading and related standards have been increasingly perfected. In this article, related technical standards and regulations for cutting and grading of cattle, pigs and goats in China are outlined, and the technical evolution of cutting and grading for common livestock species is elucidated. Moreover, some suggestions for solving technical problems in livestock carcass cutting and grading are put forward. We expect that these efforts will provide references for cutting and grading of beef, pork and mutton in slaughter industries which will in turn promote meat quality improvement and value addition and facilitate healthy, sustainable, steady and rapid development China's livestock meat industry.
Key words: beef; pork; mutton; cutting; grading
中图分类号:TS251.2 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-8123(2014)03-0018-07
我国是农业大国,畜牧业也比较发达。受家畜的品种、年龄、育肥程度以及同一个体不同部位等因素的影响,肉的品质差异较大,而不同品质的肉其加工用途、商品价值不同。无论从肉品食用、加工还是商业角度,都应对畜肉进行分割并分级使用[1]。
1 牛肉分割、分级技术
我国的牛肉养殖具有悠久的历史,养牛户遍及全国各地[2]。由于各个地区的饲养条件不同,育肥方法千差万别,造就了我国牛种繁多、杂交体系不稳定、个体大小参差不齐、肉用性状差异显著等特点,导致牛肉分割分级的技术实施困难。随着社会进步和经济的发展,人民生活水平日益提高,对牛肉尤其是优质牛肉的需求量不断增加,对其品质也提出了更高的要求。因此,开展牛肉(胴体)分割、分级技术的研究,实施统一的牛肉分割分级标准有助于提高牛肉产品的品质,增加高档牛肉产品的产量从而满足人们及社会的需求。……
