哈玛尔　韩小虎

摘 要：对塔城地区草原蝗灾现状进行了叙述，回顾了近年来蝗灾发生的危害及特点，总结了蝗灾发生的自然基础和人为因素，归纳了当前控制蝗灾方面的技术手段并对其效果进行分析评价。文章认为当前蝗灾多发的根源在于人为和自然因素造成的草原生态环境的急剧恶化，指出当下防控工作的关键在于保护和恢复草原生态以消除蝗灾发生的生态基础，大力加强蝗灾预警能力，同时注重加强与邻国的蝗情信息共享。

关键词：塔城地区；边境；草地蝗虫；现状；对策

中图分类号：S433.2 文献标志码：E 论文编号：2013-0348

The Current Situation of the Grassland Locusts and the Strategies for Prevention and Treatment

in the Border Area of Tacheng Region， Xinjiang

Ha Maer1， Han Xiaohu2

（1Forecast and Control Station About Plague of Locusts and Rats of Tacheng Region of Xinjiang，

Tacheng， 834700l， Xinjiang， China；

2College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine， Shenyang Agriculture University， Shengyang， 110161， Liaoning， China）

Abstract： This article has carried on the narration about the present situation of grassland locust plague in Tacheng region， which has reviewed hazards and characteristics of locust plague occurred in recent years， summarized the natural foundation and man-made factors of locusts occurrence， and concluded the current locust control technology and evaluated their effectiveness. The article believed that the frequency of current locust plague was rooted in man-made and natural factors which have caused a sharp deterioration of grassland ecological environment， pointing out that the present prevention and control work was the key to protect and restore the grassland ecology so as to eliminate ecological foundation of locusts occurrence， making great effort to strengthen the locust plagues early warning capabilities， and at the same time， paying attention to sharing information with our neighboring states about the plague of locusts.

Key words： Tacheng Region； Border Area； Grassland Locusts； Actuality； Countermeasure

0 引言

塔城地区地处中国西北边陲，是新疆维吾尔自治区以牧为主、农牧结合的重要边境地区之一。塔城地区位于中纬度内陆，属中温带大陆性气候，常有干旱、干热风、寒潮、霜冻、冰雹等灾害性天气。目前，新疆记录的蝗虫种类已达171种[1]，是新疆蝗虫灾害频发的地区之一，近年来塔城地区的蝗虫种类有增加的趋势[2-4]。国外先进地区已经广泛采用了科技含量较高的生态治蝗技术，而目前塔城地区仍以传统的化学防治方法为主，难以达到预期效果，再加上种种人为和自然因素，造成了草原生态系统的急剧恶化，加剧了蝗灾的频率和危害程度。目前国内包括塔城地区的蝗情预警多以人工监测为主，技术手段相对落后，导致蝗情预警能力远远低于国际先进水平，预报信息不能满足治理工作的需求，严重制约着治蝗决策的制定，使得治理工作常常限于被动。……