林玉芳 杜正花 陈清西

摘 要 为筛选橄榄品质的评价因子，从福建省不同地区选取了20个橄榄品种（品系），采用相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析等方法对橄榄果实的单果重、含水率、可食率、可溶性固形物（TSS）、果形指数、总糖、蛋白质、总黄酮、多酚等9项品质因子进行试验研究。结果表明：9项品质因子通过聚类分析最终简化为均与橄榄口感品质相关的3个指标，分别是多酚、含水率和总糖，这3个品质因子可应用于评价橄榄的综合品质。当多酚/总糖≤10.00，可判定该品种为甜橄榄品系；当多酚/总糖≤15.00时，适合鲜食；≥20.00时，适合加工；15.00～20.00时，既可鲜食也可作为加工材料。TSS是评价多数果实品质的主要指标，但在橄榄上的测定意义较小。

关键词 橄榄；果实品质；评价指标；相关性；主成分；聚类分析

中图分类号 S667.5 文献标识码 A

Selection of Quality Evaluation Indices for Chinese Olive

LIN Yufang， DU Zhenghua， CHEN Qingxi*

College of Horticulture， Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University， Fuzhou， Fujian 350002， China

Abstract To study the quality evaluation indices of Canarium album（Lour.）Raeusch.， 20 samples of Chinese olive in Fujian Province were collected，and 9 quality evaluation indices including fruit weight， moisture content， edible rate， content of dissolubility solid， fruit shape index，contents of sugar，proteins，flavonoids and polyphenol etc. were tested. The data of Chinese olive quality evaluation were analyzed by correlation analysis， principal component analysis and systematic cluster analysis. The results showed that the tested 9 indices were divided into 3 types， which were related to taste， includeing polyphenol， moisture content and total sugar， which could represent the original data that provided all the information of Chinese olive. When polyphenol/total sugar was less than 10.00， it could be used to determine the factor of sweet olive， when it was less than 15.00， it was suitable for fresh；more than 20.00， suitable for processing；between15.00-20.00， it could be fresh but also could be used as processing material.

Key words Chiense olive；Quality；Evaluation index；Correlation analysis；Principal component analysis；Cluster analysis

doi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2014.04.032

橄榄[Canarium album（Lour.）Raeusch.]为橄榄科（Burseraceae）橄榄属（Canarium）常绿乔木，又名青榄、白榄，英文名为Chinese White Olive[1]。橄榄是著名的热带、亚热带果树，原产于中国南方，喜温忌寒，生长在低海拔的杂木林或山坡上、沿海低丘陵地区，多为人工栽培。中国有2 000多年的栽培历史，《三辅黄图》、《南州异物志》及《本草拾遗》等多部史书均有记载[2]。福建省是中国橄榄的主产区，素有“橄榄之乡”的美誉，橄榄早已成为本省传统的出口商品之一。

橄榄大多为实生苗繁殖，少数嫁接繁殖，后代变异大，大多性状为数量性状遗传，中间性状多，所以中国橄榄品种资源丰富，其中，福建省橄榄栽培品种最多，有檀香、惠园、自来圆、黄大、长营、黄皮长营、檀头、公本、族本、霞溪本、白大、六分本等共28个品种；……