中美玉米种植成本与收益比较研究
2014-03-22范少玲史建民
范少玲+史建民
摘要:通过对中美玉米种植成本与收益的比较分析,发现美国的玉米种植成本一直高于中国,而收益低于中国,但从2010年开始,中国玉米种植成本高于美国,造成中国玉米种植成本增加的主要原因是土地成本的快速增加,另一方面,美国玉米种植的收益呈现上升趋势,因而,中国玉米种植的比较优势逐渐丧失。得出的对策包括增加非农就业机会,加大农业补贴力度及加快土地流转和规模经营。
关键词:玉米;成本收益;比较分析;中美
中图分类号:F316.1 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2014)01-0241-04
A Comparative Study of Corn Cost and Benefit Between China and the United States
FAN Shao-ling,SHI Jian-min
(College of Economics and Management, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian 271018,Shandong, China)
Abstract: The cost of corn of the United States has been higher than that of China, and the income lower than China through the comparative analysis on corn cost and benefit between China and the United States. But Chinas corn planting began to cost more than that of the United States from 2010, and land cost was the main impetus of rapid increase of Chinas corn planting cost. On the other hand, corn yield in the United States had an increasing tendency. As a result,the comparative advantages of Chinas corn planting were losing gradually. The implied policies included increasing employment opportunities, enhancing agricultural subsidy and speeding up the circulation of land and planting in large scale.
Key words: corn; cost and benefit; comparative study; China and the United States
收稿日期:2013-06-09
基金项目:山东省现代农业产业技术体系项目(鲁农科技字[2010]33号)
作者简介:范少玲(1988-),女,山东滨州人,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为产业组织管理,(电话)15854859907(电子信箱)15854859907@163.com;
通讯作者,史建民,男,教授,博士生导师。
中国是仅次于美国的玉米大国,美国玉米在国际玉米市场上所占的份额越来越多,加入WTO后,中美玉米的竞争日益激烈。随着国际石油等能源以及生产资料价格的不断上升,玉米等农产品的成本逐渐增加,中美作为世界上最主要的两大玉米生产国,其收益存在一定的差异。本文从玉米种植总成本、成本构成以及收益方面对中美两国玉米种植进行了比较研究,文中将玉米总成本分为直接费用、间接费用,人工成本和土地成本四项,其中直接费用包括种子费、肥料费(中国玉米肥料费为化肥费和农家肥费之和)、农药费、作业费(中国玉米作业费为机械作业费和蓄力费之和)、燃料动力费、修理费、排灌费和其它直接费用(由于美国玉米种植是农场式大规模种植,需要占用大量资金,因此美国有利息费用);……
