煤炭开采外部性损失及复垦隐性效益研究
2014-03-22吴迪赵华李钢
吴迪+赵华+李钢
摘要:21世纪人类面临的主要问题将是人口、资源、环境问题,但是在经济利益的驱动下,目前生态环境恶化的趋势并没有得到有效地遏制,环境污染、资源浪费问题依然严峻。政府作为公共物品的管理者,需在资源利用、环境保护这些问题上及时吸取国外“先污染后治理”的教训,站在长远的战略角度保护全民利益。目前,我国对于煤矿区土地复垦工作要求趋于严格,土地复垦的意义不仅在于提高耕地质量,而且对环境、社会等方面具有正外部性影响。将这些外部性进行数值化分析,用土地复垦的外部效应与投入进行深入对比,有利于更加明确地认识土地复垦的效益与意义。
关键词:煤炭开采;外部性;复垦;效益
中图分类号:X4;X8 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2014)01-0222-06
Study on External Damages of Coal Mining and Stealth Effectiveness of Reclamation
WU Di1,2,ZHAO Hua1,2,LI Gang1,3
(1. School of Environment Science & Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221008, Jiangsu, China;
2.Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information Engineering, Xuzhou 221008, Jiangsu, China;
3.Xuzhou Land and Resources Bureau, Xuzhou 221006, Jiangsu, China;)
Abstract: In the 21st century, human beings are still faced with the major proldems of population, resources and environmental issues. Driven by economic interests, the trend of the current deterioration of the ecological environment has not been effectively curbed; environmental pollution and resource waste are still grim. As the manager of public goods, the government needs to absorb the lessons of foreign pollution governance in resource utilization and environmental protection, standing in a long-term strategic angle to protect national interests. Currently, China's land reclamation work on coal districts is strict, the significance of which not only directly relates to the quality of cultivated land, but also has positive external effects on environmental, social and other aspects. This article gives a numerical analysis on these externalities and compares the external effects of land reclamation and investigation with an aim of giving a clearer understanding of the benefits and significance of land reclamation.
Key words: coal mining; externality; reclamation; effectiveness
收稿日期:2013-04-25
基金项目:“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAB11B06)
作者简介:吴 迪(1988-),男,河北廊坊人,在读硕士研究生,主要研究方向为土地利用规划,(电话)15895210512(电子信箱)wudcumt@163.com。
自工业革命以来,科学技术飞速发展为人类改造自然环境、利用自然资源提供了强有力的武器,同时人类对自然的影响远超以往。其中,煤炭资源发挥的作用不言而喻,它有利地推动了经济发展和社会进步,极大地便利和丰富了人民的生活。但是采矿活动对环境的破坏也是空前的,2011年全国煤炭开采量为35.2亿t,是建国初期的100倍左右,采矿范围影响之大前所未有。煤炭开采带来的影响也是多种多样,但是一部分采煤损失并没有在煤炭开采成本中完全体现出来,这就是容易被人们忽视的外部性损失。……
