刘峄+胡奇+刘慧芹+王远宏+苑文雪

摘 要：对采集到的常见蚜、蚧昆虫标本进行识别特征观察。结果表明：蚜虫各科间可根据触角上的感觉圈个数及形状、尾片的形状、腹管形状及有无网纹、体表突起物等特征进行比较。蚧虫各科可从腹部末端特征、体表有无气门、是否形成蚧壳等方面进行比较。不同科属的蚜、蚧可能在不同植物体表的危害特点相似或在同种植物的同一部位同时为害；同一种昆虫在同一性别中有有翅型和无翅型的区别，不同性别间有性二型；不同龄期的蚜蚧若虫有形态差异。

关键词：蚜；蚧；形态特征；种类识别

中图分类号：S433.3 文献标识码：A DOI编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2014.02.019

Identifying Characteristics of Harmful Aphids and Scale Insects in Tianjin

LIU Yi1， HU Qi1， LIU Hui-qin1，2， WANG Yuan-hong1， YUAN Wen-xue1

（1.Department of Horticulture， Tianjin Agricultural University， Tianjin 300384， China； 2.Agronomy College， Shanxi Agricultural University， Taigu，Shanxi 030801， China）

Abstract： The identifying characteristics of common aphid and kuwana collected from Tianjin were observed. The results showed that aphids of different families can be identified according to the number and shape of the antenna sensing ring， the shape of the tail piece， the shape of ventral tube and whether there was overlapping curve and surface protrusions. Scale insects of different families can be identified according to the character of the abdomen end， whether there were body surface valves， or whether there was shell come into being. Aphids and scale insects of different families and genera may cause similar damage in different plant surface or cause damage simultaneously at the same place of the same plant. Differences like the wing type and wingless type existed among the same kind of insects of the same gender. There were gender two types between different genders. Nymphae of aphids and scale insects would change appearance in different growth stages.

Key words： aphid； scale insect； morphology； species identification

蚜虫、蚧虫是指同翅目（Homopte）中两类型体微小，危害较大的植食性昆虫[1-2]，分别属于同翅目的蚜总科和蚧总科，目前世界已知种类数目超过10 000余种，中国已知约2 000种以上，其中绝大部分是农林生产中的有害种类，少数为重要的农林害虫[3]。它们的不同种类形态相像，可以为害植物的相同部位[4-6]，易于混淆，都是不完全变态类型[7]的生活过程，若虫期有体型微小、没有任何翅芽发生的一、二龄若虫期。蚜虫和蚧虫都会在其生活过程中出现多型现象或性二型[8-9]现象，这给同一种类的蚜虫或蚧虫的种类识别增加了复杂性。因此，对有多型和性二型现象的蚜虫、蚧虫的识别需要有更可靠且准确的鉴别特征 [10]。

为了寻找简便、易于操作的、常见蚜、蚧害虫种类的形态识别特征，便于害虫的田间防治，本试验以天津常见的蚜、蚧为研究对象进行了识别特征鉴定工作。……