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嘉陵江鱼类资源利用与保护现状

2014-02-13曾燏陈永柏李钟杰

天津农业科学 2014年2期

曾燏+陈永柏+李钟杰

摘 要:嘉陵江系长江水系中流域面积最大的支流,水生生物资源丰富,特别是鱼类资源,随着能源供应与需求矛盾的日益突出,从20世纪80年代起,嘉陵江上相继建立了多座航电工程,对鱼类资源带来较大的影响。本研究根据长期调查结果和相关历史文献,对嘉陵江鱼类资源状况及存在的问题进行了概述和分析,并针对资源保护和利用现状提出相应对策,以期为嘉陵江流域鱼类资源的保护和开发利用提供参考。

关键词:鱼类;资源保护;利用现状;嘉陵江

中图分类号:S932.4 文献标识码:A DOI编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2014.02.014

Utilization and Protection Status of Fish Resources in Jialing River

ZENG Yu 1, 2, 3, CHEN Yong-bo1, LI Zhong-jie2

(1.China Three Gorges Corporation, Beijing 100038,China; 2.Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430072,China; 3.College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan 637009,China)

Abstract: The Jialing River is the largest tributary of the Yangtze River in terms of its catchment area. There are rich in aquatic resources, especially fishery resource. As the contradiction between energy supply and demand has become increasingly prominent, 16 cascade hydropower projects have been built in the Jialing River, which have more adverse effects on fishery resource. In our study, the status of fish resources and existing problems were summarized and analyzed based on years of investigation results and related records. Related strategies for fish resources protection and utilization were also proposed in order to provide references for the protection and exploitation development of fish resources in the Jialing River.

Key words: fish;resources protection;utilization status;Jialing River

嘉陵江,地处北纬29°40′~34°30′,东经102°30′~109°00′,古称阆水、渝水,系长江水系中流域面积最大的支流,流域面积约有16万km2。嘉陵江发源于陕西省秦岭南麓,由北向南流经陕西、甘肃、四川和重庆3省1市,其干流分东西两源,东源起自陕西省凤县以北的秦岭镇,西源起自甘肃省天水平南川,习惯上称东源为正源,称西源为西汉水。东源向南流经甘肃省徽县境,于陕西略阳与西源西汉水汇合,经阳平关入川,然后向南流经广元、昭化、苍溪、阆中、南部、蓬安、南充、武胜等2市6县,在合川入渝,在重庆汇入长江,全长1 119 km。依据流域内不同河段的地形、地势等因素,嘉陵江干流在昭化以上为上游,昭化至合川段为中游,合川至重庆为下游。嘉陵江干流大小支流众多,共同组成广大而复杂的树形水系,其中较大的支流有白龙江、东河、西河、渠江、涪江等[1]。

嘉陵江地势由西北向东南倾斜,地形复杂,流域内气候差异大,上游属大巴山区,海拔高程为1.8~4.8 km,河谷深切,多呈“V”形,比降陡峻、谷穿峡深、滩多流急,植被较好,水面宽约为50~200 m;……

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