微波萃取油茶籽饼中脂类物质工艺条件的研究
2012-09-12肖新生袁先友
肖新生,袁先友,张 敏,袁 霖
(湖南科技学院生命科学与化学工程系,湖南永州425100)
微波萃取油茶籽饼中脂类物质工艺条件的研究
肖新生,袁先友,张 敏,袁 霖
(湖南科技学院生命科学与化学工程系,湖南永州425100)
研究了微波法提取油茶籽饼中的脂类物质的工艺条件,考察了溶剂种类、溶剂用量、萃取温度、萃取时间、微波功率等对脂类物质提取率的影响。实验结果表明,使用正己烷为溶剂,溶剂用量7∶1(mL/g),当萃取温度为60℃,萃取时间为12min,微波功率为300W时,一次萃取率可达85.2%。采用两次萃取法,提取率可达到98.3%。与超声波提取和索氏提取相比较,微波萃取在保证提取率和产品质量的同时,所需时间较短。
脂类,茶籽饼,微波萃取
Abstract:The best extraction process of lipids from camellia cakes by microwave extraction was researched.Though single factor experiment and orthogonal test,factors that affect extraction yield of lipids were studied,including solvent type,solvent volume,extract temperature,the extract time and microwave power.It was showed that the optimum conditions were n-hexane as extracting solvent,amount of solvent 7 ∶1,extraction temperature 60℃,extracting time 12min,microwave power 300W.The extraction yield of lipids from camellia cakes could achieve 85.2%,It was also showed that the yield of lipids could achieve 98.3%by extracted twice.Compared with ultrasonic extraction and Soxhlet extraction,the time of microwave extraction was shorter.
Key words:lipids;camellia cakes;microwave-assisted extraction
油茶籽饼(茶粕)是油茶籽采用压榨法提取茶油后的副产物。经检测分析,茶粕组成为:粗蛋白15%,粗脂肪6%~8%,糖类40%,粗纤维6%,茶皂素10%~14%,灰分6%,单宁2%,咖啡碱0.95%,水分14%[1-2]。将茶籽饼中的残留的脂类提取出来,不仅可以提高食用油的得率,而且是后续的茶皂素提取的必要步骤[3-5]。微波萃取具有设备简单、适用范围广、萃取效率高、重现性好、节省时间、节省试剂、污染小等特点。因而被广泛应用于生化、食品、工业分析和天然产物提取等领域[6-8]。在国内,微波萃取技术用于茶粕提取脂类物质这方面的研究报道还比较少。本文探索用微波萃取法提取茶粕中脂类物质,优化出最佳萃取工艺条件,以期提高茶油加工副产物茶粕的利用价值,提高茶油加工的经济效益,促进油茶产业的发展。……
