Approach to an Integrated Electric Vehicle Drive Solution

1 动因

为在不断增加的燃油价格和必须减少CO2排放努力之间到达平衡，汽车制造商采用了以下不同途径。通过最佳的内燃机、传动系统以及更大范围的使用混合动力技术来满足今天CO2的排放指标。在今后几年内传统技术的改进仍将扮演重要角色［1，2］，而混合动力技术将在中期内对市场产生影响。在一个纯电动汽车的虚拟世界中，其它技术将被放弃，尽管各种混合动力技术的各种部件（电动机、蓄电池）可被重复利用。从这点看，混合动力技术经常被标注成一个“过渡期”的方案。但是，今天有大批专家认为用纯电动汽车完全替代现有车辆将在很久以后出现或者根本不可能实现。如果假设上述所有技术并行存在的话。因而开发包括混合动力在内的高效传统技术和诸如纯电动汽车的新型传动概念必须同时加速进行。

2 定义，电气化等级

对于即将到来的车辆电力传动而言，重要的是在讨论车辆电气化问题时采用同一种语言。在从电力传动中区分混合动力传动或者从串联结构从区分增程器时，给出一个清晰定义是必要的。

通常传动系统电气化的路标被描述成从“大内燃机、小电动机”到“大电动机、无内燃机”等这样一个连续报道。为明确技术方案，必须避免这种连续化描述。因此规范必须进行分类、组合，差别必须被定义而各组别间的技术等级必须建立，图1。

1 Motivation

In an effort to strike a balance between increasing fuel prices and the necessity to reduce CO2emissions，different paths are followed by the automotive industries.The pursuance of optimization measures concerning combustion engines and transmissions as well as the broader use of hybrid technology provide the possibility of achieving today’s CO2targets.

The improvement of conventional technologies will still play a decisive role in the near future［1，2］，while hybrid technology will affect the market in the medium term.In a fictional world of only pure electric drivelines，other technologies would be replaced，even if various components of the hybrid technology（electric motors，batteries）could be reused.On that score，hybrid technology is often labeled as“transitional”solution.However，nowadays lots of experts agree that an entire substitution by electric vehicles will take place very late or maybe never.It is rather assumed that all mentioned technologies will exist in parallel.Consequently the development of both，highly efficient conventional technology including hybrids and new driveline con－cepts such as drivelines for pure electric mobility，has to be pushed forward.

图1 不同功能等级和规范的电气化道路图Fig.1 Electrification road map with functional steps and specifications

混合动力车辆（HEV）

根据联合国组织的定义，混合动力车辆具有两种不同的功率转换设备和两种不同的能量存储装置。……