谢奎金

近年高考各地英语试题均出现一类要求考生匹配前后句子的试题。这类试题最大特点是给出首句或尾句，要求考生补全句子，补全后的句子意义完整、形式照应、逻辑清楚、句法正确、衔接自然。句式匹配是综合考查考生语言应用能力、分析问题和解决问题能力的具体体现。这类试题共呈现出以下六种类型：

一、句式型匹配

涉及特定句式的认知和匹配，如祈使句、条件句、倒装句等。这类试题侧重考查考生对句型的理解和把握能力，要求补全的句子在在形式上保持照应，符合特定的句型特征。

【例1】______and Ill get the work finished. (2006NMET重庆卷)

A. Have one more hour B. One more hour

C. Given one more hourD. If I have one more hour

答案与解析：B。此题考查祈使句的识别与匹配。祈使句常见句型—动词原形或名词词组+andor（或破折号）+谓语用将来时或情态动词的陈述句。若将题干中and 删除，选项C和D 也可入选。祈使句的主语通常为you且省略，故答案A与后半句相矛盾，若将have改为give则A选项亦对。

【例2】—We have so much work to do. _____he doesnt come?

—Dont worry. With Mrs. Green to help us, we can do without him.

A. How aboutB. Why notC. What ifD. How come

答案与解析：C。考查句式匹配，what if…后续从句，谓语动词使用一般现在时表将来，译作“万一……怎么办或……怎么样”，表假设或征询对方的意见。句意：我们有很多工作要做，万一他不来怎么办；若将题干中doesnt改为hasnt，答案则选D项，how come(that)后续从句，表示对已发生事件的迷惑，译作“怎么会”。句意：我们有很多工作要做，他怎么会到现在还不来呢?这里对这类句型加以总结：How come that…?/Why not do…?/What if…?/How about if…?/How do you like…?Who do you suggest…?/What do you think of…?

二、谚语型匹配

固定俗语在特定场合下的运用，不仅可以润色语句，还发人深思，启迪智慧。这类试题不仅考查考生对语言背景的理解，还综合考查考生分析问题和解决问题的能力。

【例3】—It took me ten years to build up my business, and it almost killed me.

—Well, you know what they say._____. (2006NMET江苏卷)

A. There is no smoke without fire B. Practice makes perfect

C. All roads lead to Rome D. No pains, no gains.

答案与解析：D。此题考查句意理解和谚语的匹配。解题关键是弄清题意，明白谚语自身的意义和使用场合。A选项：无火不生烟；B选项：熟能生巧；C选项：条条大路通罗马；D选项：不劳无获。故只有D选项符合题意。又如：

You may not have played very well today, but at least youve got through to the next round and tomorrow is another day. (2007 NMET江苏卷)

三、句法型匹配

要求考生根据句法知识，如并列关系、主从关系来匹配句子，补全后的句子符合句法知识。此类试题主要涉及并列句和主从复合句的认知与匹配。解题时要充分考虑标点符号以及连词的暗示作用，它们暗示不同的句子结构，代表不同的句子关系。

【例4】Faced with a bill for＄10,000, ______. (陕西2006NMET)

A. John has taken an extra jobB. the boss has given John an extra job

C. an extra job has been takenD. an extra job has been given to John

答案与解析：A。此题考查句式匹配。非谓语动词的逻辑主语应与后一分句的主语保持一致。解题关键是找准逻辑主语并确保一致。非谓语动词作状语常见形式为：直接以-ed/ing形式打头或 “连词+-ed/ing形式”两种。

【例5】_____everything in good order, so she decided to watch TV in the sofa.

A. After she had putB. Having been put

C. She had putD. Having put

答案与解析：C。前后句通过并列连词连接，可判断为并列句，故不存在从属关系，排除答案ABD。

四、意义型匹配

考生不必过多地考虑句法知识和句型搭配，主要依赖前后句句意来匹配句子，使补全后的句子意义相承、关联、完整。

【例6】—Shes really pretty, isnt she? Her skin looks so baby smooth!

—Well, its just that she puts lots of make-up on her face.______ (原创模拟)

A. Sometimes I wish I could be as beautiful as her.

B. Actually, natural beauty comes from within.

C. I cant believe she is still so pretty after giving birth to a baby!

D. Fortunately, she has a good income.

答案与解析：B。从答语just可以看出说话者不屑一顾。故只有B 项才能使句意完整，衔接自然。

【例7】—Jim, you are not coming back to our class next term?

—____.

A. No. Much remains to be done in my subjects

B. Yes. I feel so tired and I need a holiday.

C. No. All my classes have been completed

D. Yes. Im going to study in another school next term

答案与解析：C。若反意疑问句陈述部分为否定形式，附加部分则采用肯定形式。回答时注意对等，即yes后接肯定结构而no后接否定结构，翻译时与汉语相反。C项句意：是，所有的课程都学完了。

五、情景型匹配

据说话时的场合和情境，恰当选择交际用语以完成简单的语言交际。这类试题提供说话情景。

【例8】—Would you like to join us in the game?

—______, for I have something to attend to. (福建2008NMET)

A. I willB.Id like toC. I wont D. Im afraid not

答案与解析：D。Im afraid not表示委婉的否定或谢绝，译作“恐怕不是(不行)”。类似的，Id like/love to…but…；Thanks…but…；Sounds great… but…均表示委婉谢绝。 若将题干for 改为but，答案则选B。

【例9】—Drink for the great moment, will you?

—_____.Its years since I last drank.

A. Yes, I couldnt agree more B. Sounds good

C. Just a little, please D. No, thanks

答案与解析：D。句意：不，谢谢。我已多年不喝酒。在since-分句中，从句谓语动词若为延续性动词或状态动词，翻译时应从动作结束时算起。

六、逻辑型匹配

此类试题侧重考查考生分析前后句逻辑关系的能力，这种逻辑关系客观、符合常理，不牵强附会。

【例10】Having been attacked by terrorists, ____. (上海2004NMET )

A. doctors came to their rescue B. the tall building collapsed

C. an emergency measure was taken D. warnings were given to tourists

答案与解析：B。此题考查句式匹配。非谓语动词having been attacked 的逻辑主语应与后一分句的主语the tall building 保持呼应。这样逻辑才能成立。前后句通过逻辑纽带联系起来，这是匹配句式的主要依据之一。

总上所述，高考命题者在设计句子匹配试题时，可能会考虑各种类型的相互渗透，趋向综合。故考生在作答此类试题时要慎重考虑形式、功用、意义、逻辑、语境和语言习惯。

金题精练：

1. ________ can you expect to get a pay rise.

A. With hard work B. Although work hard

C. Only with hard work D. Now that he works hard

2.—It shouldnt take long to clear up after the party if we all volunteer to help.

—Thats right.________. (江苏2008)

A. Many hands make light workB. Something is better than nothing

C. The more the merrierD. The sooner begun, the sooner done

3. _______ the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting. (湖南2008)

A. Having searchedB. To search C. Searching D. Search

4._______, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.

A. Were other things equalB. Other things were equal

C. Being equalD. Other things being equal

5. _______ the whole passage, the general idea of it will be acquired without much difficulty.

A. Having scanned B. If you scanC. Scan D. To scan

6. ________, the gathering crowd burst into applause.

A. On entering the hallB. When he took the floor

C. The speaker took his place D. No sooner had the speaker entered

7. In order to make our city green, ________.

A. it is necessary to have planted more trees B. many more trees need to plant

C. our city needs more treesD. we must plant more trees

8. This is a very interesting book. Ill buy it, ________.

A. how much may it costB. no matter how it may cost

C. however much it may cost D. how may it cost

9. ________, the thief was caught by the students.

A. There being nowhere to hide B. There was no where to hide

C. There is nowhere to hideD. There nowhere to hide

10. _________, there is a lot of good English poetry around.

A. No matter its short history B. Despite its short history

C. Whatever short its historyD. However its short history

11. _________ was of little importance.

A. Whether he passed the examination or notB. No matter he might pass the examination

C. He might pass the examinationD. If he passed the examination

12. Fishing is his favorite hobby, and __________.

A. Hed like to collect coins as wellB. he feels like collecting coins, too

C. To collect coins is also his hobbyD. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure

13. —Look at the noisy kids!

—Havent you heard the saying “__________”?

A. Theres plenty of fish in the sea B. All that glitters is not gold

C. When the cat is away, the mice will playD. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush

14.________ and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease, the patient sought her doctors help to end her life.

A. Having given up hope of cure B. With no hope for cure

C. There being hope for cureD. In the hope of cure

15. The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. _________ it was!

A. What a dangerous scene B. What dangerous a scene

C. How a dangerous scene D. How dangerous the scene

16. At a rough estimate, Nigeria is _________ Great Britain.

A. three times the size asB. the size three times of

C. three times as the size ofD. three times the size of

17. _________ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your email account.

A. What is requiredB. What requiresC. It is required D. It requires

18. We all know that, ________ the situation will get worse.

A. not if dealt carefully with B. if not carefully dealt with

C. if dealt not carefully with D. not if carefully dealt with

19. ________, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.

A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be

C. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student

20.—Would you like to join me for a quick lunch before class?

—_________, but I promised Nancy to go out with her. (2008NMET)

A. Id like to B. I like itC. I dont D. I will

答案与解析：

1. C。此题考查句式结构的识别以及前后句逻辑关系。only置于句首强调状语时使用倒装。

从句法分析上便可排除选项ABD。

2. A。众人拾柴火焰高。

3. D。此题考查祈使句的识别及句首动词的选用。并列连词and表明前后句为并列关系，故

排除前三个选项。

4. A。结合逗号和逻辑主语考虑排除选项B和C；若将答案D项所有格删除亦对。虚拟语

气在if-条件状语从句中的用法，其中if被省略。

5. B。前后逻辑主语不一致，不使用非谓语动词作状语。中间只使用逗号连接，前后句为主

从关系。

6. B。据逻辑关系，可排除选项A。非谓语动词作状语，前后句逻辑主语应保持一致；从句

法上分析，排除选项C和D。

7. D。此题考查句式匹配。非谓语动词to make 的逻辑主语应与后一分句的主语we保持一

致。

8. C。此题考查句式的前后匹配。no matter how或however可引导状语从句，故排除选项A

和D；B选项应在how后加much。

9. A。此题考查独立主格结构，涉及非谓语动词逻辑主语的认知。前后句用逗号隔开，后一

分句为主句，故被匹配的句子一定是从句，使用非谓语动词作状语，非谓语动词逻辑

主语为there。

10. B。此题考查句式匹配。前后句用逗号隔开，故判断前一分句为从句。no matter不可直

接引导从句；whatever后接名词，而however后接形容词或副词。11. 答案A。从句

法和功用上考虑，只能选择名词性从句充当主语。

12. D。前后两个分句由and连接，在结构和形式上应保持一致。第一分句以动名词打头，

故第二分句也应与此保持一致。

13. C。山中无老虎,猴子称大王。

14. B。此题综合考查考生对句式结构的认知。no hope与no way构成并列，由with引出，

合为一个状语从句；her pain and suffering from the terrible disease构成并列关系，作动

词reduce的宾语，其余答案不适合。

15. A。中心词为名词scene，故选用what连接，名词前再接限定词。

16. D。此题考查考生正确运用倍数句型的能力，即n times the +n. of…句型。

17. C。此题考查句型的识别。在句型“It is +required +that从句”中，从句谓语动词用“should+

动词原形”。

18. B。此题涉及省略和语序。补充完整的句子为：We all know that, if it is not carefully dealt

with…。

19. B。此题考查前置。as引导让步状语从句时，将作表语的名词词组前置即可，注意名词

前省略冠词。前置和倒装在形式上最大的特点就是词序的改变，依此可匹配句式。

20. A。交际用语“Id like toI meant to…but”表示“我想去（本打算），但……”。