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论隐喻

2009-04-21王德春

外语学刊 2009年1期

○名家讲堂

编者按:《外语学刊》自本期起,不定期开设《名家讲堂》栏目,旨在邀请国内外顶尖级学者做客本刊,引领本刊的中青年作者、读者攀登语言学研究的高峰。具体讲,借助本刊这个平台,突破目前学校、地区甚至国家之间的界限,在更广范围内发挥名师的作用。感谢王德春先生对本刊、本栏目的支持和关爱!

提 要:近年来,认知语言学者重视研究隐喻,但隐喻的性质、作用等问题尚须探讨。隐喻是相似客体在社会文化环境中通过语言在言语机制和言语活动中的代替,要多角度研究隐喻。隐喻是一种认知方式,但不是唯一的也不是最主要的认知方式。不管在言语机制或言语活动中,隐喻固然重要,直赋其事更不可少。隐喻映射的主要是事物的相似点,而不是整个事物的代替。

关键词:隐喻;认知方式;直赋其事;相似点

中图分类号:H0-05 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000-0100(2009)01-0026-4

On Metaphor

—Inspiration from the Instruction of PhD Candidates of Linguistics

Wang De-chun

(Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai 200083, China)

In recent years, Cognitive linguists began to focus on the study of metaphor. However, such issues as the nature and functions of metaphor are still marginalized topics which need further studying. Metaphor refers to the substitution of the similar objects in socio-cultural situation through language by means of speech activities and speech mechanisms. That is why it is necessary for us to study it from multi-angles. Metaphor is a way of cognition, but it is not the only and the most essential one. Though metaphor is very important in both speech mechanisms and speech activities, anyhow, to state directly is necessary too. What metaphor reflects is the similarities other than the substitution of the whole.

Key words: metaphor;way of cognition;state directly;similarity

今天我们研讨的主要内容是认知语言学,小邵特别介绍了隐喻的研究情况。近些年,遵从多角度研究语言的原则,我们很重视认知语言学研究。小于、小谢、小张等的博士论文就是认知语言学方面的,小谢研究的就是隐喻。但是,我重视认知语言学,是要求从认知角度、从言语机制角度研究语言,而不是单从某人某书的观点去套用。所以,今天我想与你们谈谈我对隐喻的看法。

隐喻是现代语言学的热门话题之一,虽然谈论较多,但对隐喻的本质、作用和一些常用概念还值得探讨。

1 隐喻的本质和多角度研究

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