杜长亮　房晓伟

摘要：以奥林匹亚节为代表的泛希腊节庆不仅是城邦社会集体宗教文化生活的场合，更是一个透视城邦政治文化的邦际公共政治空间，这一空间格局的历史性存在与城邦时代的政治文化结构模式构成本质关联。奥林匹亚节的兴起要归于城邦时代之初的社会转型环境，它的制度化与规模化运作则体现了希腊世界对泛希腊公共空间的关注。希腊各城邦及希腊公民对于泛希腊节庆的积极参与和广泛认同表明了城邦政治文化的整体性，而城邦个体和公民个体在此邦际交往领域的个性化表现则暗含着城邦社会生活中的丰富矛盾对抗。由泛希腊节庆上的公共空间所折射出的城邦政治文化的一体多元化结构模式是古希腊文明的一个特色。

关键词：泛希腊节庆；奥林匹亚节；城邦政治文化；公共空间；一体多元模式

中图分类号：G811.219文献标识码：A文章编号：1004-4590(2009)01-0012-05

Abstract:Panhellenic festivals represented by the Greek Olympic Festival was not merely a collective religion activity occasion for the Greek society. What is more, it was a inter-city states public political sphere reflecting the city state political culture, whose historical existence had an essential links with the political culture structure in Greek city state time. The rising of the Greek Olympic Festival lied on the ground of the society transformation in the early city state period. The regular running and extensive development of the Festival revealed that the Greek world showed great interest to the Panhellenic sphere. It was the appearance of Greeks integrity that citystates and citizens devotedly participated in the Festival and gave universal recognition to its significance, while the colorful conflicts in the Greek world was expressed by the characteristic deeds of the city state and citizen as individual form in public. From the perspective of public sphere in Panhellenic festivals, one unity with multipolarity in city state political culture constitution was a quality of ancient Greek civilization.

Key words: Panhellenic festivals；The Greek Olympic Festival；Citystate political culture；Public sphere；One unity with multipolarity constitution

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自1896年法国人顾拜旦复兴奥运会以来，近代奥林匹克运动的蓬勃发展，已经是一个有目共睹的事实：2004年和2008年，奥林匹克运动会先后在希腊和中国举办。对此，这两个有着几乎相同的悠久历史但又分属于不同的文明类型的国度，以及她们的政府和人民，均焕发出同样高涨的热情。我们由此做出这样的联想：作为近代奥林匹克运动之缘起的古希腊奥林匹亚节，是何种原始风貌？它与当时的社会生活究竟是什么关系？它的存在对于希腊世界有何意义？追问至此，问题似乎已经超出了体育人文社会学的领域。……